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passage 4
P1
Every culture that has adopted the cultivation of maize—also known as corn—has been radically changed by it. ███
intro topic ·
Influence of maize
explain significance ·
of maize
Contributed to development of agrarian and urban societies, and European population growth
hypothesis ·
Maize's influence is due to its productivity
phenomenon ·
Productivity of maize
Intro to hypothesis ·
Biochemistry provides the answer
P2
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Context ·
Explanation of photosynthesis
Water splits into hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen produces energy. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide builds sugars with help from enzyme (rubisco).
Problem ·
Too much oxygen interferes with photosynthesis
Enzyme supposed to work with carbon dioxide, but oxygen binds to enzyme instead, meaning less enzyme available to work with carbon dioxide
P3
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Solution (hypothesis) ·
Different method of photosynthesis
Enzyme (rubisco) is kept separate from atmospheric gases (e.g., oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Complication with hypothesis ·
Carbon dioxide cannot reach enzyme as gas
Solution: Carbon dioxide becomes nongas molecule (C-4) in order to reach enzyme and drive photosynthesis
Strengthen hypothesis ·
Other highly productive crops use this method of photosynthesis
Passage Style
Phenomenon-hypothesis
Single position
26.
The author of the passage █████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████
a
Maize's impressive productivity ██████ ██ ██████████ ███████ ██ █████████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███████████
b
Maize is an ███████ ██ █ █████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █ ██████████ ██ ███████████████
c
Maize's high yields ███ ███ ███ ████ ██ ███ ███ ██ ███ ███ ████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███████ █████ ██████████ ██ ████████
d
Until maize was ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████ ██████████ ████████ ███████████ ██████ ███ ████████████ ██████████ ████████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ███ ███████
e
Maize's C-4 photosynthesis ██ ██ ███████ ██ ██ █████████ ████████████ ██████████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ███████