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In older commercial airplanes, the design of the control panel allows any changes in flight controls made by one member of the flight crew to be immediately viewed by the other crew members. ██ ████████ ████████████ █████████ ████████ █ ████ ████████ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ███████ ███████████ █ ███████ █████ ███ ██████████ ████████ █████████████ ██ █ ███████ ███ ██████ █████ █████████ ████████ ████████████ █████████ ████ ██████ ████ █████ ████████ █████ ██████ ███████ ███████ ████ ████ ███████████
Summary
In older commercial airplanes, flight crew members could immediately see changes made in the plane’s flight control panel. However, in newer airplanes these changes are harder for crew members to see, therefore eliminating a means for cross-checks. As a result, flight crews operating newer airplanes must verbally inform each other about control panel changes much more often.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
The frequency flight crew members must talk to each other about changes to a plane’s flight controls depends on what other means for communicating these changes are available.
14.
The statements above, if true, ████ ████████ ███████ █████ ███ ██ ███ ██████████
a
How frequently an ██████████ ██████ ████ ███████ ████ ██████ ████ █████ ████████ █████ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ █████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██ ███████ █████ ████████
b
In recently manufactured █████████ ███ ████ ████████ █████ █████████ ███ ██████████ ████████████ ████████ ████████ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████████ █████ ███ ██████ ████ ████████
c
In older commercial ██████████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ ████████████ ██████████ ██████ ████ ███████ ████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ███████████ ████████ █████ ██████ ███████ ████████
d
The flight crew ███████ █████████ █ ████████ ████████████ ████████ ██████ ███████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███████ ████ ██ █████ ████ ███████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████ ██████
e
How often flight ████ ███████ ████ █████ ███████████ ████████ █████ ██████ ███████ ███████ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ████ █████ █████ ███ ██████████ ████████████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ █████