PT134.S4.P1.Q2 > Analytics

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Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as . ██████ ██ ████████ ██ █ ███████ █████████ █████ ███████ ██ ███ █████ ██████████ ███

Problem · Most effective way to deter deliberate crimes

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One side's position · Crimes a product of societal norms and institutions

That side's solution · Change attitudes, improve economic opportunity, rehabilitate

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Other side's position · Crimes a product of individual choice

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Other side's solution · More penalties

Author's solution · The two positions above are complementary, not opposed

Explain author's solution · Principle of utility maximization

Decision to commit a crime is an economic decision that weighs the likely benefits ("utilities") of different actions

Application of principle · to problem of crime deterrence

A person commits a crime when that person believes the benefits outweigh the risks

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Elaborate on author's solution · Combine penalties with improved economic opportunity

More penalties increase the risks of committing a crime. Improved economic opportunity decreases the benefits of committing a crime (as compared to law-abiding activities).

Passage Style

Critique or debate

Problem-analysis

In the first sentence of ███ ████████ ███ ██████ ████████ ███████ ██ ████████ █████████ ██ █████ ██

Question Type

Purpose in context (of word, phrase, or idea)

Structure

The author brings up crimes of passion while introducing the debate. She clarifies that the debate is only about how to deter deliberate crimes—it isn’t about how to deter impulsive crimes. She then mentions crimes of passage as an example of an impulsive crime. So the purpose of mentioning crimes of passion is to give an example of the kinds of crimes that are excluded from the debate we’re looking at.

give an example ██ █ ████ ██ ██████████ █████

To the contrary, crimes of passion are an example of impulsive crimes, which are the opposite of deliberate crimes.

provide a contrast ████ █████ ██ ██████ █ ██████████ █████

The author mentions crimes of passion as an example of an impulsive crime, which is the opposite of a deliberate crime. By telling us that deliberate crimes don’t include crimes of passion, she gives us a clearer picture of what she means by deliberate crimes.

94%

demonstrate that not ███ ██████ ███ ██ ████████

The author doesn’t give any opinion on whether crimes of passion, or other impulsive crimes, can be deterred. The passage focuses on how to deter deliberate crimes specifically, but that doesn’t suggest that there’s no way to deter other kinds of crime.

help illustrate one ████ ██ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ █████████

The debate isn’t about crimes of passion versus some other crimes. The debate is all about deliberate crimes and how to deter them. One side says we should increase access to opportunity, while the other says we should give harsher punishments. Those are the two sides of the debate.

mention a crime ████ ██ █ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████ █████

The author doesn’t say what causes crimes of passion. She only discusses the possible causes of deliberate crimes.

PrepTest 134 - Section 4 - Passage 1 - Question 2

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