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A study of the dietary habits of a group of people who had recently developed cancer and a group without cancer found that during the previous five years the diets of the two groups' members closely matched each other in the amount of yogurt they contained. ██████ ████████ ██████████ █████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ████ ██████████ ██ ███ ██ █████████ ████ █████████ ██ ███████ █████████ ███ ██████ ███████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ █████████████
Summarize Argument: Phenomenon-Hypothesis
The author hypothesizes that too much galactose in the body causes cancer. She supports this by referring to a study comparing the diets of people with and without cancer. The study found that both groups ate similar amounts of yogurt, which contains galactose. However, people with cancer had low levels of the enzyme needed to process the galactose in the yogurt.
Notable Assumptions
The author assumes that galactose can cause cancer just because people with cancer had low levels of the enzyme needed to process it. She overlooks the possibility that another factor could cause both the cancer and low enzyme levels, or that cancer might lead to low enzyme levels.
In order to conclude that galactose can cause cancer, she also assumes that the study is representative and that all other factors or differences between the two groups are controlled for.
3.
Of the following, which one ███████████ ███ █████████ █████████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ███ █████████
a
The argument fails ██ ████████ ███████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ███ ██████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ███ █████ █████████
b
The argument neglects ██ █████████ ████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ █████ ██████ ███████
c
The argument focuses ██ ████ ███ █████████ ████ ███ ████████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ████ ██ ██ ████ █████ ████ █████ ███ ████ ████ ███████████
d
The argument overlooks ███ ███████████ ████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ███████
e
The argument does ███ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ██████ ███ ██████ █████████