Self-study
P1
Over the past 50 years, expansive, low-density .
Intro to Phenomenon ·
Rise of suburban sprawl
Problem ·
Suburban sprawl causes decline of civic life
New Urbanists view the phenomenon (suburban sprawl) as a problem.
Cause of Problem ·
Zoning laws create physical separation
New Urbanists claim that zoning laws that separate spaces by function (commercial, residential, school, etc.) also precludes communal spaces (like a town square). This is likened to a family that doesn't have a home.
P2
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Aspect of Problem ·
Economic separation
The housing subdivisions tend to be identical in price hence children growing up will be sheltered from exposure to economic diversity.
Aspect of Problem ·
Cars erode civility
Since roads connect the various subdivisions, people spend more time in cars which encourages antisocial behavior.
Solution ·
Mix housing and public space
New Urbanists believe that mix housing (different prices) and walkable public spaces will encourage civic interactions.
P3
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Opponents' Critique ·
Suburban sprawl is an expression of people's values
Opponents do not frame the phenomenon as a problem. Instead, they view it as a legitimate desire to have the kind of lifestyle that suburban sprawl makes possible (house, car, backyard, etc.).
New Urbanists' Rebuttal ·
Take a critical view of values and consider the conflict with other values
New Urbanists just want people to take a critical view of these values (individual mobility, consumption, etc.) and to consider that it may conflict with other values (civic engagement, community life, etc.).
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
4.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ███ ██ ███ ████
a
They are intended ██ ██ ██████████ ██ ██████ █████████ █████ ███ ████ ███████████ ██████████ █████ ████ ███ ██ ██████ ███ ███ █████ ██ █████████
They aren’t nearly identical. The first use refers to neighborhoods that reflect suburban sprawl. The second use refers to a more abstract idea of communal space and connection.
b
The former is ████████ ██ █████ ██ ███████████████ █████ ██████████████████ ██████ ██ ██ █████████ ████████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ███ ██████ █████ ████ █ █████ ██ ██████ ████ █ █████ ██ █████████ █████████
This best captures the meaning of each word. The use of “communities” refers to the neighborhoods that reflect suburban sprawl. The use of “community” later in P1 refers to something that results from having a communal space for interaction and getting to know one another.
c
In the former, ███ ██████ █████ ████ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ ███ ██ ██ ███████ ██ █████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ████████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ███████████ ██ █ █████ ██ ██████ ███ ████ █████████ ████ ██ ███████
The use of “communities” doesn’t refer to groups defined by interest. It refers to groups defined by their location and style of neighborhood (low-density places near the edges of cities).
d
The former is ████████ ██ █████ ██ ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ███████ ████ ████████████ ██ █████████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██ █ ████████████ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ████ ██ █████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████
The use of “communities” doesn’t refer to people with professional or political ties. It refers to groups defined by their location and style of neighborhood (low-density places near the edges of cities).
e
In the former, ███ ██████ █████ ████ █████ ███ ████████ ████████ ████ █████ ███████ ██ █ █████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████ ████ █ █████ ██ ██████ ████ ███████ ███████████ ███ ███████████
The use of “communities” doesn’t refer to people with informal personal ties. It refers to groups defined by their location and style of neighborhood (low-density places near the edges of cities).