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Conclusion The proposed change to the patent system is bound to have a chilling effect on scientific research. █████ ███████ ██████ ███████████ ████ ███ ████ ████ █████ ███ ███████ ███████████ ██ █ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████████ ████ ██████ ████████ ███████ ██ ██ ██████ ██████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████████ ███ ████████ ██████ █████ ████ ███ ███████████ ███████ ███████ ████████████ █████ █████ █████ ███ █████████████ ██ ████████████
Summary
The author concludes that the proposed change to the patent system will have a chilling effect on scientific research. This is based on the following:
Under current rules, research results can be published prior to a patent application.
Under the proposed change, research results would not be published prior to a patent application. This delays communications of discoveries.
Missing Connection
The conclusion asserts that the proposed change will have a “chilling effect” on scientific research — in other words, research will be slowed. But the premises establish only that the proposed change will delay communication of discoveries. Does delayed communication slow scientific research? It sounds like a reasonable connection, but we just don’t know for sure. So we’re looking for an answer that establishes that if communications about discoveries are delayed, that has a chilling effect on scientific research.
13.
The conclusion drawn above follows █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
The proposed change ████ █████████ ████ ██████ ████████████ ██ ██ ██████
b
Dramatic advances in ██████████ ████████ ████ ████████ █████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ██████
c
Delays in the █████████████ ██ ███████████ ████ ████ █ ████████ ██████ ██ ██████████ █████████
d
Most researchers oppose ███ ████████ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████
e
The current rules ███ ██████ ████████████ ██████████ ████████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████████ ███ █████████████ ██ ████████████