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Problem: If Shayna congratulates Daniel on his award, she will misrepresent her true feelings. ████████ ██ ██████ ████ ███ ████████████ ███████ ███ ████ ████ ███ █████████
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Summary
Principle:
If one does NOT believe that the person with whom one is speaking prefers kindness to honesty → do NOT lie
Problem:
If Shayna congratulates Daniel, she will be lying.
If Shayna does not congratulate Daniel, she will hurt his feelings.
Find or Complete the Application
The proper judgment about what Shayna should do depends on whether she believes that Daniel prefers kindness to honesty.
If she does NOT believe that Daniel prefers kindness to honesty, then she should NOT congratulate Daniel (because she shouldn’t be insincere).
But if she DOES believe that Daniel prefers kindnes to honesty, then there’s no firm conclusion to reach other than that it might be appropriate for her to congratulate him.
Note that the key issue we should focus on in the answers is whether Shayna believes Daniel prefers kindness to honesty. It doesn’t matter what Daniel actually prefers; what matters is Shayna’s perception of what he prefers.
23.
The principle, if valid, most █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ █████████ ██████████ ███ ████████
a
If Shayna congratulates ███████ ███ ████ █████ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ████████████ ████
b
Daniel might prefer ███ ██████ ██ ████████████ ██████████ ██ ████████████████████ ████ ███ ███ ██ ███████ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ██ ██████ █████ ██ █████ ███████ █████ ██ ███████████ ██████████████ ███████
c
Shayna believes that ████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ████ ██████ ███ ████ █████████
d
Daniel's feelings would ██ ████ ██ ██ ████ ████ ███████████████ ████ ██████ ████ ██████████ ██ ██████ ██████ ███ ████████████ ████
e
Shayna has no ███████ █████ ███████ ██████ █████ ██████ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ████████████ ████