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Commentator: The Duke of Acredia argued long ago that only virtuous Acredian rulers concerned with the well-being of the people will be able to rule successfully. █████ █████ ████ ████████ ███████████ ████ ███████ █████ █████ ████ ██████ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ ██████████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███ █████ █████ ███ █████ █████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ ██████████ ██████████ ██ ████████
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that concern for the welfare of people is necessary for successful governance of Acredia. This is based on the fact that whenever Acredian governments have fallen, their falls have always been during the rule of someone who didn’t care about the welfare of people.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author overlooks the possibility that there might be some cases where Acredian governments have been successful, but the ruler didn’t care about the welfare of people. In other words, although we know that whenever governments have failed, rulers haven’t been concerned with welfare of people, that doesn’t imply that concern with welfare of people is necessary. It’s possible there are successful Acredian governments that have also been unconcerned with welfare of people.
12.
The reasoning in the commentator's ████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ████████
a
ignores the possibility ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ███ █████████ ███ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ ████ ████
b
infers the necessity ██ █ ███████ █████████ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ███ ██████ ███ ██ ███████
c
appeals to evidence ████ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ██ ██ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████████
d
infers that a ███████ █████████ ██ ████████ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ████ ████ ███ ████ ██ ████ █████████ ██ ██████████ ████ ███████
e
presumes, without providing ██████████████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ██ ████████ ██ ████ ██████████ █████████ ███