Subscription pricing
passage 4
Passage A.
P1
████ ████████ ████ ████████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████ ████████ ███ █████ ██ ████████ █████████ ███ ███████████ █████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ██████ ███ ████████ ███ ████ █████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ██████ ███ █ ██████ █████ ████ █████████ ███ ███████████ ███
Intro to Popper ·
Power of negative evidence
A single black swan disproves that all swans are white
Asymmetry ·
Between positive and negative evidence
Positive evidence has no value
Requirements of Science ·
Search for negative evidence; making falsifiable predictions
P2
████████ ████████ ███ ██ ███ ███████ █████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ███████ ███ ██████ █████████ ██████████ █████ ███
Critique of Popper ·
Negative evidence is not as powerful as he believes
Premise ·
Theories have to work together to entail predictions
So a failed prediction means some theory is false, but it's unclear which one.
███████ █
P3
████ ███ ██████ ██████ ███ ███████████ ███████████ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████ ████ █████ █████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ████ ███ █████████ ███████████ █████ ███ ████ ██ ███ ███ ███ ███ ███████ ███████ ███ ██████████ ██ █████ ████████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ███
Prediction ·
Orbit of Uranus
Multiple theories working together to entail the predictions. This can be framed as an application of Passage A.
Prediction ·
Failed
At least one of the theories is wrong.
Explanation ·
There's another planet
Scientists discovered Neptune.
P4
█████ ████████████ █████ █████ ████████ █████ █████████ ███ █████ ██ ████████ ███
Prediction ·
Orbit of Mercury
Prediction ·
Failed
Perhaps Newton's laws are incorrect or perhaps there's another planet.
Explanation ·
Newton's laws are incorrect
Einstein's general theory of relativity is more correct.
Passage Style
21.
Which one of the following ██ █████████ ██ ███████ █ ███ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██
a
repudiating an experimental ██████
b
revising a theory
c
disproving a theory
d
predicting a planet's █████
e
theories that are ███ ████████ ██ ██████████