Self-study
Passage A.
P1
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Phenomenon ·
Comedians don't use copyright law to protect their jokes from theft
Hypothesis ·
Filing lawsuits is too expensive to protect jokes
Costs include both actual costs and legal uncertainty about how copyright law applies to joke stealing.
P2
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Phenomenon ·
Despite no legal protection against joke theft, comedians still write lots of jokes
That's unexpected. Conventional wisdom would say that without legal protection, comedians wouldn't write jokes. But conventional wisdom is wrong.
P3
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Hypothesis ·
Social norms protect from joke theft
Norms are enforced by punishments, such as damage to reputation.
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P4
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Intro topic ·
Chefs don't use law to protect their recipes
Intellectual property law usually doesn't cover recipes, and chefs rarely use trade secrecy laws.
Social norms ·
Chefs protect recipes by three social norms
(Just like how Passage A said comedians use social norms to protect their jokes.)
P5
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Norm 1 ·
Don't copy another chef's recipe exactly
Functions like patent protection for something innovative.
Norm 2 ·
If secret recipe is revealed, don't pass it to someone else
Functions like trade secrecy protection.
Norm 3 ·
Give credit to people who developed recipes
Functions like copyright protection.
Passage Style
13.
Both passages are primarily concerned ████ █████████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████
a
the legal protections █████████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████████ ████████
Neither passage focuses on the legal protections available. Rather, they focus on the social norms that act to protect intellectual property.
b
the connection between ███ ███████████ ██ ██████ █████ ███ ███ ██████████ █████ █████ ███████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████████ ████████
Neither passage focuses on the connection between social norms and incentives. Rather, they focus on the way in which social norms can function similarly to intellectual property law.
c
the extent to █████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ████ ██ ████████ ███████ ███ ██████ █████ ██ ██████ ████ ████████ ████████ █████████
Neither passage discusses the social value of making intellectual property publicly available.
d
the practical considerations ████ ██████ ████████ ██ ████████████ ████████ ██ █████ █████ ███████████ ██ █████ ████
Passage B doesn’t discuss practical considerations that cause chefs to forgo legal protection. Rather, Passage B tells us that recipes are not even covered by intellectual property laws, and that chefs rarely use trade secrecy laws. But we don’t get any discussion of why chefs rarely use trade secrecy laws. In any case, this isn’t the primary purpose of the passages. The purpose relates to the social norms that protect intellectual property.
e
the ways in █████ ██████ █████ ███ ████ ███ █████ ██ ████ ██ ██████████ ████████████ ████████
This captures the primary purpose of both passages. Passage A shows how social norms substitute for intellectual property law among comedians. Passage B shows how social norms substitutes for intellectual property law among chefs.