Self-study
Passage A.
P1
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Intro / Context / Premise ·
Legal system rests on questionable assumption that free will exists
Free will may not exist.
P2
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Premise ·
Free will does not exist at all
There is no unconnected spot in the brain that's independent of all other parts. There's nowhere for free will to hide, so to speak.
P3
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Premise ·
Even if a little free will exists
It's so small that it should not be considered significant.
P4
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Conclusion ·
Blameworthiness should be removed from legal system
Because it falsely assumes free will exists. Legal system should be forward looking, focusing on future behavior of criminals.
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P5
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Question ·
Can the law discard the concept of free will?
P6
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Premise ·
Would be difficult at the level of the individual
Research suggests that individuals cling onto moral judgments and seek to assign blame even if they are primed to believe in determinism (i.e., no free will).
P7
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Premise ·
Would be difficult at the level of society
We've tried in the past to focus only on rehabilitation but there was public backlash and retribution has returned.
P8
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Conclusion ·
Blameworthiness serves a useful function
Even if it's "false," it's useful. Legal system should focus on why people feel the need to blame.
Passage Style
18.
Which one of the following, ██ █████ █████ ████ ███ ████ █████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ██
a
A new drug ███████ ████████ ████ █ ██████████ ████████████ ████████ ██ ████████ ████████ ███████ ████ █████ █████████
It’s not clear how this relates to blame and our ability to remove blame from the legal system.
b
In patients with █ ██████████ █████ ███████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██ ███ █████ ██████ ████████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████
It’s not clear how this relates to blame and our ability to remove blame from the legal system.
c
Subjects in a █████████████ ██████████ ███████ ██████ █████████ ██ █ ████████ █████████
It’s not clear how this relates to blame and our ability to remove blame from the legal system.
d
Some governments restrict ███ █████ ███████ ██ █████ ██ █████ ██ ████████████ ██ ███ ████████████
How governments treat blame doesn’t clearly relate to whether blame would be easy to remove from the legal system. In addition, (D) still involves the concept of “blame” as part of something law-related.
e
There are societies ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ ██████
This weakens