Self-study
P1
A recent worldwide decline of ocean fishery stocks has stimulated rapid growth in cultivated production of fish and shellfish, usually known as fish farming. ███████ ████ ███ █████ ███ ████████ ██████ ████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████████ ████ ███████ ████████ █ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ███ █████████ █████ ██ ███████ ████ ██ ██████ ██████████ ██████████ ████ ███████ ████ ████████ ██████ ████ ████ █████████ ██ █████████ █████ ███████ ██████ ███
Intro topic ·
Fish farming (FF)
Decline in wild fish (ocean fishery stocks) led to more fish farming. Fish farming produces a large portion of the fish we eat.
Some experts' perspective ·
FF will restore wild fish populations
Critique ·
FF potentially both alleviates and causes decline in wild fish
P2
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Support for Critique (causes decline) ·
FF can damage wild fish habitats
Intensive fish farming (designed to produce lots of fish) leads to a lot of waste and higher potential for diseases among fish. Wild fish habitats can be destroyed from that waste, those diseases, or the escape of farmed fish species that aren't native to the region.
P3
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Support for Critique (causes decline) ·
FF requires using a lot of wild fish for food
The farming process for many species requires using more wild fish (by weight) than we get from harvesting the farmed fish.
P4
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Support for Critique (alleviates decline) ·
Can reduce incentive to capture or eat some wild fish species.
Can reduce prices of some fish, which deters efforts to capture wild versions of those fish. Some farmed fish species can provide alternatives to some other wild fish species.
Doubt ·
Benefits of FF for wild fish might be lost
Markets have developed for some wild-caught fish, despite availability of farmed alternatives.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
9.
Which one of the following ██ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ██████
a
making up for ███ ████████ ██ ███████████ ████
This answer is wrong because the idea that there is a scarcity of wild caught fish is unsupported. For all we know, there could have been an abundance of wild caught fish. And in fact, it is that very abundance of wild caught fish that's the problem. We're catching too much wild fish. It's depleting wild fish stocks too rapidly. And this is why farmed fish can be a powerful relief on ocean fisheries.
Better, edited versions of (A) could read: making up for the need to catch as much wild fish, or reducing the need to catch as much wild fish.
b
supplementing the incomes ██ ██████ ███ ████ █ ██████ ████ █████ ███████
(B) could be correct, but we'd have to radically edit P1. The paragraph would have to talk about how ocean fisheries are under economic strain and are having a hard time staying in business. In that context, “relieving pressure on ocean fisheries” can be interpreted as supplementing the incomes of people who make a living from ocean fishing.
c
causing fewer wild ████ ██ ██ ██████
This is correct. Causing fewer wild fish to be caught is how fish farming will restore wild populations by relieving pressure on ocean fisheries.
d
reducing the amount ██ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ████ █████ ███████
This is similar to (B) but worse. It's hard to imagine in what context relieving pressure on ocean fisheries could mean reducing the amount of income to be earned from ocean fishing.
e
reducing overall demand ███ ████ ███ ████ ████████
This is wrong because P1 is not talking about an overall reduction in demand for fish. Rather, we're talking about shifting demand away from wild caught fish to farmed fish. It's in that sense that we are relieving pressure on ocean fisheries.