PrepTest 153 - Section 4 - Passage 1 - Question 6

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Forests are among the world's most valuable resources, both in a narrowly economic sense and in a broader, ecological sense. ███████ ████████ ████ █████ ██████████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ████ █ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ █████ ████████ ███████████ ███████ ███████ ███████████ ██████ █████████ ███ ███████ ████ ███████ ████ █████ ██████ ████ █████ ███

Context / Intro · Forests are important

Forests are both economically and ecologically important.

Main Point · Policy decisions about conservation of forests require understanding arguments for and against

Author will scrutinize two specific claims: 1. that forests create oxygen; and 2. that forests preserve biodiversity

Criticize Claim 1 · Forests are "the lungs of the earth"

This is a myth. Forests neither produce nor consume oxygen in net.

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Claim 2 · Preservation of biodiversity requires stricter conservation of forests

Economic argument for preserving biodiversity: could lead to discovery of new medicines. Moral argument for preserving biodiversity: it's an intrinsic good.

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Critique of Claim 2 · Is stricter conservation of forests really required?

First, deforestation isn't occurring as much as many believe. Second, deforested land that turn into wood plantations actually relieve economic pressure on forests.

Passage Style

Critique or debate

Which one of the following ██████████ █████ ███████ ██ ██████████ ███████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ████████

Question Type

Author’s perspective

Implied

This is an Inference question about the perspective of the author. The author expresses views about critics of commercial plantations in P4. Here, the author counters critics’ concerns about biodiversity on commercial plantations by claiming that these plantations help noncommercial forests to support biodiversity, and the author asserts that the size of these plantations is often exaggerated by environmentalists.

Critics of commercial ███████████ ██████ ████████ ████ █████████ ███ █████████████ ███████ ██████████ ███ █████████████ ████████

This is supported in P4. The author recognizes that biodiversity is lower on commercial plantations, but because these plantations produce so much wood, there is less economic pressure on noncommercial forests, which allows these noncommercial forests to support biodiversity. We have support for the claim that the author thinks that those who criticize commercial plantations for their lack of biodiversity should more carefully consider the relationships between commercial and noncommercial forests.

90%

Critics of commercial ███████████ ██ ███ █████████ ███ ███████ █████████ ██ ███████████ ███████

Unsupported. The discussion about the medical potential of rain-forest plants is in P3, but the discussion of commercial plantations is entirely in P4. We don’t know what the author thinks the critics of commercial plantations recognize about the medical potential of rain-forest plants.

Critics of commercial ███████████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████ █████ ██████████████ ███ ███ ██████ ██ █████ ███████ ██ █ █████████████ ███████

Unsupported. We don’t know what the author thinks the critics of commercial plantations know about this, so we cannot say that this is consistent with the views of the author. The author talks about the critics of commercial plantations in P4, and P4 doesn’t say anything about photosynthesis and the effect on total biomass of noncommercial forests.

Critics of commercial ███████████ ███████ ██ ████████ █████████████ ██ ███ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ██ ███████████ ████ ████████████

Anti-supported. P4 shows us that the author thinks that the critics of commercial plantations don’t fully consider that these plantations allow for noncommercial forests to support biodiversity, so the author would not agree with the claim that these critics have an adequate understanding of the biological impact of restricting commercial plantations.

Critics of commercial ███████████ █████ ███████████ █ █████ █████████████ ██ ██████ █████████████ ███████

Unsupported. The passage discusses forest preservation specifically––we don’t know what anyone thinks about global environmental issues in general. Additionally, the author is skeptical about these critics’ understanding of how commercial plantations impact biodiversity, so the author probably doesn’t agree that they demonstrate a broad understanding of global environmental issues.

PrepTest 153 - Section 4 - Passage 1 - Question 6

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