Social historians have noted that European social and political thought of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was marked by the popularity of "grand theories," influential intellectual movements such as Freudianism or Marxism that attempted to account for a broad range of historical phenomena with a single, ambitious explanation. ███
Intro ·Grand theories
"Grand theories" attempted to account for a broad range of historical phenomena with a single, ambitious explanation.
Author's Argument ·Grand theories' decline is an opportunity
Historical explanations can now focus on the contingent, the particular, and the novel; it can provide narrative satisfaction without having to view history as fully determined.
Passage Style
Single position
25.
The author introduces the concept ██ ██████████ █████████████ ██ ███ █████ ████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████ █████████ ██ █████ ██
Question Type
Purpose in context (of word, phrase, or idea)
Structure
The author mentions “cognitive satisfaction” as part of a description of the nostalgia we feel for determinism. There’s something satisfying about a belief in historical inevitability. This is why grand theories were attractive.
The author contrasts an approach to history that focuses on inevitability with one that focuses on historical contingency. The author associates a “cogent story” with this latter kind of approach (focus on historical contingency). So, although the author believes the wish for historical inevitability is a vain hope, this doesn’t mean the author believes the wish for history to proceed as a good story does is a vain hope.
This is the best answer. The reference to “cognitive satisfaction” from a belief in historical inevitability helps us understand why people feel a “nostalgia for determinism.”
c
show that the ██████ ██ ████████████ ███████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ██████ ████ ███████ ██ █████ ████████ ████████
The author never suggests that the idea of satisfaction from universal laws has become less popular.
The author doesn’t question the applicability of narrative techniques to unrepeatable details of human events. Rather, the author believes there can be a historical approach that provides narrative satisfaction and includes unrepeatable details of historical events.
The author doesn’t argue that interest in universal determinants will decline. Although the author speculates that the intellectual discomfort we feel as a result of failing to achieve cognitive dissatisfaction “might finally persuade us to relinquish the vain hope for inevitability,” this doesn’t constitute a prediction that interest in historical inevitability will decline. There’s a difference between saying something “might” happen and that it “will” happen.
Difficulty
63% of people who answer get this correct
This is a difficult question.
It is similar in difficulty to other questions in this passage.
CURVE
Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right
25%145
157
75%168
Analysis
Purpose in context (of word, phrase, or idea)
Structure
Humanities
Single position
Answer Popularity
PopularityAvg. score
a
21%
160
b
63%
164
c
8%
155
d
4%
157
e
4%
161
Question history
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