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Support It is morally praiseworthy to be honest only if one is honest out of respect for morality. ████████ █████████ ██████████ ███████ ███ ███ ███ ██ █ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ███ █████ ███ █████ █████ ███ ████████ █████████ ████████████ ███████ ███ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ ███ ███ █████████████████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ███ █████████ ███████
Summary
The author concludes that Downing did not act in a praiseworthy manner when he told the truth about his partner’s fraud. This is based on the following:
Downing was motivated by concern for his own well-being.
In order for it to be morally praiseworthy to be honest, it is necessary that the honesty be done out of respect for morality.
Missing Connection
We know from the premises that if one’s honesty is not motivated by respect for morality, one does not deserve praise for that honesty. So in theory we could conclude that Downing did not act in a way that deserves praise...as long as we know he was not motivated by respect for morality.
Another premise tells us that Downing was motivated by self-concern. Does this guarantee that he was not motivated by respect for morality? Not necessarily, since someone can have multiple motivations. To make this argument valid, then, we want to establish that if someone’s motivation is self-concern, then they cannot also be motivated by morality.
11.
The conclusion drawn above follows █████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ████████
a
An action motivated ██ ███████ ███ ███████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ █████ █████████████
b
Some actions that ███ ███████████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ █████████████
c
An action performed ███ ██ ███████ ███ ████████ ██████ ████ ██ ██ ██████ █████████ ██ ███████ ███ ████████
d
The moral praiseworthiness ██ ██ ██████ ███ ██ ██████ ████ █████████ ██ █████████ ████ █████ ██ ███ █████████████ ██ ███ ██████ ███████
e
Morality demands that ███ ██ ███████ ████ ██ █████ █████ ████ █████ ██ ███████████ ██ █████ ███ ███████████