Subscription pricing
passage 3
P1
For nearly a century after the discovery in the 1880s that a bacterium, . ██████ █████████ ██████ ████████ ██████████ ████████ ████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███████ ████ ███ █████ █████ ███ ████ █████████ █████████ ████████ ████ ███ ████████ ██████ ███████ ██████████████ ██ █████ ██████ ██ ████ ███ █████████████ █████ █████████ ███
Scientists' belief ·
Vibrio cholerae (VC), which causes cholara, travels only by human hosts
VC epidemics occur when bacteria spreads through human waste.
Puzzling phenomenon ·
VC pops up in places we thought it had been eliminated
And, where does it go in between epidemics?
P2
██ ███ ██████ ██████████████ ████ █████████ █████ ████ ███ ███ ████████ ██ ████████ ████ ███ ██████████ ███ ██ ███ ███████ ██████ ██████ ███ ████ █████ ███████████ ██ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██ ████████ █████ ███████ ███████ █ █████ █████ ███ ██ ███████ █████████ ████ █████████ ████████ ████ ███ ███████████ ███████ █████ ███ ████ ██ ███████ █████████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████ █████ █████ ███
Colwell's discovery ·
Found VC in Chesapeake Bay
Others were skeptical because they thought VC couldn't survive without a human host, and there were no cholera epidemics since 1911.
Colwell's hypothesis ·
VC can survive in seawater, and can't always be detected by traditional methods
Traditional methods involved growing bacteria in a petri dish. Perhaps we can't do this with VC.
Testing Colwell's hypothesis ·
New detection method finds VC in water
Used this method near New Orleans and in Asia. Method involves an antibody that produces light if VC is present.
P3
█████████ ███████ ███████ ████████ ████ ██ █████████ ████ ████ █████ █████████ ████ ████ █ ████████ █████████ █████ ████ █████████████ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ █████████████ ██ ████ ██████ ███ ███████████ █████████ ████ ████████ ███ ███ █████████ ███████ ████ ███ ██ █████████ ██ █████ ███████████ ███ █████████ ██████ ██ █████████ ████ ███████ ███ ██████████████ ██████ ████ ████████ █████████ ██ █ ████████ ██████████ ████████ ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ █ ████ █████ ██ ██████████ ███ ████████ ███ ████ █████ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ █████ ███████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ██ ████████ ████ █████████ ███████ █████ ████ ████████ █████ ██ ███████████ ████████████ ██ ███ ███ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ████ █████████ ███████ ████ █████ ██ ████ ████████ ███████ ██████ ███ ██ ███████ █████████ ███ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██ ███ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ██ ████████ ████ ███████ ██ ████████ ███████████ ██ ████████ ███ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ██████ █████ ██████ ██████
Additional findings ·
VC can become dormant and stop reproducing
That's why it sometimes can't be cultured. In this dormant state, VC can survive away from humans. We don't know what awakens VC from a dormant state, but it might be changes in seawater temperature or salinity (saltiness).
Passage Style
Phenomenon-hypothesis
Single position
14.
The passage provides information that ██ ████ ███████ ██ █████████ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ██████████
a
Why did Colwell ███████ ████ ███ █████ ██████ ██ ███ █████████████ █████████ ███ ██ █████████
b
What other bacteria ███ ███████ ██ ████████ █ ███████ █████ ███████ ██ ████ ██ ██ █████████
c
Does ultraviolet light ██ ████ ██ █████████ ████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ████████████ ██ ██ █████████
d
Is V. cholerae ███████ ██ █████████ ████ ████████ ███
e
How does Colwell ██████ ██ █████████ ███ ██████████ ████ ██████ ██ ████████ ████ █████████