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Physician: Of the health experts who advocate moderate consumption of alcohol for its cardiac benefits, Support some say that red wine is the most beneficial. ███ █████ █████ ██ ███████████ ████████ ████ ██████ ███ █████ ████████ ███████ ██ ███ ████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ██████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ███ ██████ ███ █████ ████████ ███████ ██ █████ █████████ ██████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ███ ██ █████████ ████ ███████████ ██████████ ██ ████ ████████ ████ ███████████ ██ █████ ████████ ██ █████████████
Summary
The author concludes that evidence linking red wine to cardiac benefits is inconclusive, because supporters of red wine have not yet identified a biological mechanism that explains this result.
Notable Assumptions
The author assumes that because the biochemical mechanism is unclear, the evidence is inconclusive. In essence, the author assumes we need not only the “what”, but also the “why” for evidence to be conclusive.
If instead, evidence could be considered conclusive even without a clear explanation for the biochemical mechanism, then the author’s argument would be invalid.
12.
Which one of the following ██████████ ████ ██ ███████ ██ █████ ███ ███ ███████████ ██████████ ██ ██ ████████ ██████
a
If a substance ███ ██████ ████████ ████ ████████ ██ ███████████ ████ ██████████ ██████ ████████ ████████ ███████████ ████ ██ █████████ ███████████ ██ ████████
b
Assertions regarding the ██████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ██████ ██████ ██ █████████ ██ ██████████ ███████████ █████████
c
Physicians should not ████ ███ ███████████████ █████████ ███ ███████████ ██ ████ ██ █████ ██████ █████ ██ ██████████ ████████ ██████████ █████ ████████████████
d
Evidence regarding the ██████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ██████ ████ ██ ████████████ ██ ████████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ████████ ██ █████ ██ ██ ███████████
e
One should try ██ ████ █ ██████ █████████ ███ ███ ██████ ████████ ██ █ █████████ ████ ██ █████ ████████ ████ ████ ████████████ █████████████