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In a study, six medical students were each separately presented with the same patient, whose symptoms could be the result of any one of several medical conditions. ███ █████████ █████████ █████ ████ ███████ █ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ █████ █████ █████ ██████ ██ █████ ██ ███ ██ ████ ███ █ █████████ ██ ███ █████ █ ███ ██████ ██ ████ █ █████████ ███████ █████████ ███ ████ ████████ █ ████ █████ ████ ███████ ███ █████████ ████ █ ███████ ██████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ █ █████████ █████████ █████████ ███ █████ ███ █ █████████ ███████ ██████ ███ ███████ ██████████ ████ ███████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ █████████ ████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ █████████ ██████████
Summary
In a study, six medical students were separately presented with the same patient. Each was asked a leading question: “What tests should we order to try to rule out diagnosis X?” For each student, "X" was filled in with a different condition. A week later, each student saw a second patient with similar symptoms, but a different attending physician who did not ask any leading questions. Each student first tested for the diagnosis that had been suggested to them with the initial patient.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Being asked a leading question can influence someone's behavior even several days after the question is asked.
When considering the second patient, each student initially tested for a different diagnosis.
14.
Which one of the following ██████████ ██ ████ ████████ █████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ██████
a
On the second █████████ ████ ██ ███ ███████ ████████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ █████████ ██ ███ ██ ███ █████ ███████ █████████
b
At most one ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ████ █████ ██ ███ ███████ ███████ ██████████ ███ ████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ███ █████████ █████████
c
The second attending █████████ ███ ███████ ██ ███ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ █████████ ████ ███ █████ █████████ ██████████
d
On the second █████████ ███████ ███ ██ ███ ████████ ██████ ███ ███ ███████ █████████ ████ ████████ ██████ ███ █████████ █████████
e
At least some ██ ███ ███████ ████████ ████ ███████ ████ ███ █████████ ████████ █████ ██ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ██████████ █████ ████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████████ █████████ ██████████