When do I know I should rely on intuition before attempting to diagram everything?

When do I know this formulaic A->B method 100% works?

I don't know how to be selective about which approach to take with complete confidence without wasting precious minutes!

PrepTest 22 - Section 4 - Question 13 illustrates my point.

If I just straight up went with my intuition, I would've chosen D with a good feeling because it looks pretty much like what the whole passage is saying while the rest of the answer choices look pretty off, but because I attempted to solve this question like a math problem, I couldn't FIND THE EXACT ANSWER I was looking for.

I wonder how other students feel about this. Advice much needed and appreciated.