I am a bit confused about the last sentence. Is except the same as the group "unless/without"?

Defer to journalists → Don't have direct experience

Have direct experience → Don't defer to journalists?

Thanks!

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2 comments

  • Friday, Jul 21 2023

    Thank you! Very helpful!

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  • Thursday, Jul 20 2023

    Sort of... I believe it can be used two ways depending on context, that's why its not on the cheatsheet. The first is a like group 3 (negate sufficient) as used in your example and second is "and not" which is the actual more official translation.

    Here is it shown the other way

    People 'and not' "no direct experience on matter" -> don't defer to journalists

    simplified: People & direct experience on matter -> /defer to journalist

    It works here as a group 3 here because people is an encompassing term but if it was something more important specific it falls apart (instead of people it was something more specific like students) especially if you're running the contrapositve.

    Here's a more clear example "Picasso paintings except for those during his blue period do not have dull colors"

    PP-picaso painting

    BP-blue period

    DC- dull colors

    Picasso painting and not Blue Period -> no dull colors

    PP & /BP -> /DC

    This illustrates if your running the contra positive it can be.

    DC -> /PP or BP

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