@AaronWebbLaw 2nd

I keep thinking that the correct AC for except questions should actually strengthen the argument, when in reality it just has to NOT weaken (so it could just add nothing to the argument).

B is just saying there are other causes of cancer. Which, yes, we know that there are other reasons why one gets cancer, but it does nothing to our argument about avoiding irradiated foods.

Just focus on the bridge from premise → conclusion

Premise: avg price paid for all new cars increased relative to individual income

Conclusion: individuals buying new cars spend more of their income than 25 years ago

Gap: goes from all new-car sales → sales to individuals → E weakens by showing individual sales are now a smaller % of all sales.

Okay I was able to figure this one out like this:

#1: moral themes --> moral beliefs

#2: History knowledge increases --> moral judgment decreases

-----------------------------------------

C: History knowledge increases --> moral themes

We want the above 2 terms in the conclusion to connect, so what other terms are left in the premises that we haven't seen interact? moral beliefs and moral judgement. So I just went searching for an answer that talked about those 2 terms interacting.

I even ended up doing #2 diagramming backwards originally, and still got this one right because I knew which terms most likely had to interact to get to the conclusion. Obviously, if there were 2 answer choices talking about those terms, I would've had to check the direction to make sure it would make sense.

@Bmariachi01 Same but I asked chat for a simpler example and it helped me understand:

Example

Rules:

1. Always wash plates, cups, and bowls after dinner.

2. Never wash plastic forks or plastic spoons in the dishwasher.

Question:

Which one can be properly inferred?

Correct inference:

If something is washed in the dishwasher, then it is not a plastic fork and not a plastic spoon.

That is valid.

But notice: it does not mention every possible thing that might also be excluded from the dishwasher. It only says two things that are definitely excluded.

I also think we are looking at the "and" in "prepositions and conjunctions" as in they have to be together in the answer choice but that isn't the case.

@AlenaKane I had the same issue. I think it’s because the “no” isn’t about the actual comparison; it’s about the evidence for the comparison.

The passage is saying:

No evidence is provided to show that the [comparison] is true.

The comparison is still: “humans act selfishly more often than they act unselfishly.”

-------------------------------

However, if the passage said something like:

“Humans do not act selfishly more often than they act unselfishly,”

then we would get the negative comparison because the “not” is modifying the comparison itself.

I was also stuck because the passage says it is “almost impossible” to make these drivers more responsible, while A is written more strongly. But since this is a Most Strongly Supported question, not a Must Be True question, A does not need to follow with 100% certainty.

I eliminated B because it says re-education offers the “best chance” of making drivers with many demerit points responsible, but the passage says it is almost always impossible to make those drivers more responsible. B also leaves out the serious driving-related offense piece.

A overall follows the passage’s “either jail or re-education” structure

@hjr210400 In my notes from a previous video, I have "the only" as a sufficient condition indicator, which is what that question starts with.

Maybe if it had started with just "only", then it would've been considered a necessary condition

It is a little confusing though but that's how I was able to get it right.

@joelsmith Also, you could say that maybe he just didn't get cited "late" for the following reasons:

• Maybe he was excused this time.

• Maybe students get free passes.

• Maybe the teacher forgot to mark him.

• Maybe he snuck into class without being caught (like you mentioned)

Being 5 minutes late is just a requirement for being late, doesn't mean every student actually will be cited.