For #5, how do you know when to translate the whole clause "family ties become frayed and snap" as one statement rather than two? For example, why is it not "family ties become frayed" and "family ties snap"
i.e. why is does it not translate to:
/communication --> (family ties fray) AND (family ties snap)
/(family ties fray) OR /(family ties snap) --> communication
This is deeply frustrating. There should have been an earlier explanation to distinguish cases in which "only" is used in the sufficient condition versus the necessary condition. This course cost far too much to lack in clarity in the word "only". Since "only" will be a frequent word on the test, it would be helpful to have a video on its use cases for students to distinguish when it's being used as a sufficient indicator vs. a necessary indicator.
@VanessaMancuso23 go back a couple lessons. Its in the sufficient list.
And try it out for yourself. Try to form "The only oral myths that have survived are the ones that were eventually written down." in such a way that "only" comes before "written down" instead of "survived". You won't be able to use "the only", you'll have to use "only" by itself. ie, "Only the myths that were written down are the ones that survived".
Its kinda an anecdotal exercise to prove to yourself there is more of a significant difference between "the only" and "only" than first meets the eye!
"the only" marks sufficiency and "only" marks necessity.
Just like "if" marks sufficiency and "only if" marks necessity!
@Jbshallenberger - I am also confused on #3. I went back to the previous video that introduced the Group 2 indicators, and "only" is at the top of the Group 2 indicators:
@Jbshallenberger I had the same thought, but I think it would change if it said something like "Only oral myths that have survived were eventually written down."
As a thought experiment, if there were 5 oral myths that were written down, then all 5 of those survived because they were written down. There may be 10 total surviving oral myths, but it is not a necessary condition that all of them be written down. The other 5 may have survived for other reasons (maybe they are really captivating stories that never needed to be written down.)
Maybe another way to think about it is to say that even if we remove the word "only" from the question stimulus, it would not change the meaning of the sentence:
"The only oral myths that have survived are the ones that were eventually written down."
I've been struggling with the wording after the lawgical part, I think thats whats tripping me up the most.
for example, for 1. I put AS -> Philadelphia, /philadelphia -> /AS.
However the answer is philadelphia -> sunny, /AS/ Philadelphia.
I have 0 idea why this is wrong and also dont get the worded version. Is the contrapositive version If its not always sunny then it is not philadelphia?
@JeffreyRamirez If you are stuck mixing up the group 1 and 2 indicators, but recognize the conditional relationship, you can always think through it logically by rephrasing!
"It's always sunny in Philadelphia"
Think: Is this saying (1) "if it's sunny, I'm in Philadelphia" or rather (2) "if I'm in Philadelphia, it is sunny".
Thinking through it, this has to be the latter (2). The first doesn't make sense because it could be sunny in other places, not just Philadelphia! The second makes sense as another rephrasing of the sentence because if you're in Philadelphia, it's always sunny! It matches up with the original sentences' concept.
@JeffreyRamirez Remember that you do not include the conditional indicator in your analysis. The indicator word is telling you that what comes next is the important part. "Always" is the indicator word, everything after that word is the sufficient condition, but the word "always" itself is not part of the sufficient condition.
"particular frequency" is misleading. It doesnt mean it always happens, it actually means most times it happens. Can we asusme conditional relationship?
I got 5/5! For me it has been difficult to translate but after I wrote down the indicators for group 1 and 2 it became much easier. I feel like I'm finally understanding.
I think what is happening is that even though the exercise says "Group 2" which is necessary conditions, almost all the questions are actually sufficient condition questions. Actually it's helpful, because it is practice on distinguishing both. Once clear on that, the quiz helps and is straightforward.
I am confused by this. In the necessary indicators Group 2 the words "only", "always", and "must" are used. For question 2, how is "every time" not a necessary condition indicator? Why is a sufficient condition indicator.
I just looked at the conditional indicators and for question 3 Only is a necessary condition not suffieicient, can someone clarify I am not understanding why they are using it in the example as suffiencient when only is necessary
@Kevin_Lin The video for the lesson didn't have "the only" listed as one of the indicators but the text below the video does. Are we supposed to be watching the videos AND reading the text? Is it possible to have the text and videos be consistent with one another?
@SMRegalado Remember that these lists or groups of logical indicators are often too broad or too narrow. The word "only" does not always show a necessary condition. In this case, "only" points to a sufficient condition because many other things can count as being "written down" (like a book or a note). But if you reversed the idea, just because something is "written down" would not be enough to assume it’s the only oral myth that survived.
The main difference lies in the words that come before or after "only." The phrase "the only" is quantitative; it limits the number of possible options to a specific subset. In contrast, when "only" appears before a verb or clause, such as "only if" or "only when" it often points to a conditional relationship, which can change whether it signals a sufficient or necessary condition depending on context.
Ultimately, I think understanding this takes practice. You shouldn’t rely on the indicator words alone use them as a helpful tool, not as your main guide.
Number 4 confuses me a bit; why if the necessary condition immediately follows the indicator, does it not have "abundant rain falls" on the right side of the arrow? "Abundant rain falls" immediately follows the indicator of "when", so I had it set up as:
hurricanes hit U.S. mainland frequently → abundant rain falls in Sub-Saharan Africa
This is wrong, obviously, but why? The others make sense to me but this one is tripping me up.
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447 comments
4/5 #3 was confusing
For #5, how do you know when to translate the whole clause "family ties become frayed and snap" as one statement rather than two? For example, why is it not "family ties become frayed" and "family ties snap"
i.e. why is does it not translate to:
/communication --> (family ties fray) AND (family ties snap)
/(family ties fray) OR /(family ties snap) --> communication
This is deeply frustrating. There should have been an earlier explanation to distinguish cases in which "only" is used in the sufficient condition versus the necessary condition. This course cost far too much to lack in clarity in the word "only". Since "only" will be a frequent word on the test, it would be helpful to have a video on its use cases for students to distinguish when it's being used as a sufficient indicator vs. a necessary indicator.
@Arkavian i think in the conditional and set logic folder, GROUP 1 AND GROUP 2 are specifically for the indicator words "only" and "the only"
But how is the first one even a conditional statement, or are we not worrying about that right now and just looking for indicator words?
@DiyaOmkar219 Always = All, Every.
IMHO
For this one I find it really helpful to identify the indicator word and note if it's sufficent/necessary condition indicator and then move from there
@anamat I agree. I think this is a case where simply memorizing the indicator words is a game changer
for question 5, isn't "or" the contrapositive of "and"?
@MelUzi I think you’re thinking a bit more advanced than this particular lesson. Technically yes, but in this scenario it’s all one condition, not two
Lost me on Question 3:
If the word "only" indicates that a necessary condition will follow, why is it considered the sufficient condition and not the necessary condition?
@Jbshallenberger "The only.." indicates sufficient. This is different than "Only...", which does indicate necessary.
@Jbshallenberger when did it say that "the only" is sufficent ? I did no see that anywhere
@VanessaMancuso23 go back a couple lessons. Its in the sufficient list.
And try it out for yourself. Try to form "The only oral myths that have survived are the ones that were eventually written down." in such a way that "only" comes before "written down" instead of "survived". You won't be able to use "the only", you'll have to use "only" by itself. ie, "Only the myths that were written down are the ones that survived".
Its kinda an anecdotal exercise to prove to yourself there is more of a significant difference between "the only" and "only" than first meets the eye!
"the only" marks sufficiency and "only" marks necessity.
Just like "if" marks sufficiency and "only if" marks necessity!
@Jbshallenberger - I am also confused on #3. I went back to the previous video that introduced the Group 2 indicators, and "only" is at the top of the Group 2 indicators:
@Jbshallenberger I had the same thought, but I think it would change if it said something like "Only oral myths that have survived were eventually written down."
As a thought experiment, if there were 5 oral myths that were written down, then all 5 of those survived because they were written down. There may be 10 total surviving oral myths, but it is not a necessary condition that all of them be written down. The other 5 may have survived for other reasons (maybe they are really captivating stories that never needed to be written down.)
Maybe another way to think about it is to say that even if we remove the word "only" from the question stimulus, it would not change the meaning of the sentence:
"The
onlyoral myths that have survived are the ones that were eventually written down."If then statements, and also checking the contrapositive really helps
meow
@NolanWright murr
What really helped me transform the sentences into Lawgic was to do the if, then statement.
For example, on question 4:
If abundant rain falls in sub-Saharan Africa, then hurricanes would hit the US mainland with particular frequency.
This helps me fully grasp the order of the sufficient and necessary conditions.
I've been struggling with the wording after the lawgical part, I think thats whats tripping me up the most.
for example, for 1. I put AS -> Philadelphia, /philadelphia -> /AS.
However the answer is philadelphia -> sunny, /AS/ Philadelphia.
I have 0 idea why this is wrong and also dont get the worded version. Is the contrapositive version If its not always sunny then it is not philadelphia?
any help would be greatly appreciated!!
@JeffreyRamirez Ive come to figure this out and realize I've been confusing group two and group 1. rewatching the videos and practicing helped a ton!
@JeffreyRamirez If you are stuck mixing up the group 1 and 2 indicators, but recognize the conditional relationship, you can always think through it logically by rephrasing!
"It's always sunny in Philadelphia"
Think: Is this saying (1) "if it's sunny, I'm in Philadelphia" or rather (2) "if I'm in Philadelphia, it is sunny".
Thinking through it, this has to be the latter (2). The first doesn't make sense because it could be sunny in other places, not just Philadelphia! The second makes sense as another rephrasing of the sentence because if you're in Philadelphia, it's always sunny! It matches up with the original sentences' concept.
@JeffreyRamirez Remember that you do not include the conditional indicator in your analysis. The indicator word is telling you that what comes next is the important part. "Always" is the indicator word, everything after that word is the sufficient condition, but the word "always" itself is not part of the sufficient condition.
is 'the only ' here in q2 be understand as all? the overinclusiveness of 'only' really confuses me
For some reason I am not understanding number 5. Since it's sufficient why is it not
Not communication --> Family ties fray and snap
/(family ties fray and snap) --> /(no communication)
Is it because at the beginning there's a "no" which is already negating? Please help!
Yes, the "no" is already negating. You have it correct, don't worry.
I made flash cards to help memorize group 1-4 conditional indicators, thought I’d share in case it would be helpful to anyone else. I’m redoing this course after getting through most of it and taking the lsat and not doing as well as I hoped. Looking back I realize how important it is to know these. https://quizlet.com/1153975729/lsat-7sage-conditional-indicators-to-share-flash-cards/?i=71yhg9&x=1jqY
@Elideebeep thank you
@AsmaAldhufri of course! :)
"particular frequency" is misleading. It doesnt mean it always happens, it actually means most times it happens. Can we asusme conditional relationship?
"The only" is the only sufficient "only" ...helped me immensely to remember that. Lol.
I got 5/5! For me it has been difficult to translate but after I wrote down the indicators for group 1 and 2 it became much easier. I feel like I'm finally understanding.
I think what is happening is that even though the exercise says "Group 2" which is necessary conditions, almost all the questions are actually sufficient condition questions. Actually it's helpful, because it is practice on distinguishing both. Once clear on that, the quiz helps and is straightforward.
I am confused by this. In the necessary indicators Group 2 the words "only", "always", and "must" are used. For question 2, how is "every time" not a necessary condition indicator? Why is a sufficient condition indicator.
I just looked at the conditional indicators and for question 3 Only is a necessary condition not suffieicient, can someone clarify I am not understanding why they are using it in the example as suffiencient when only is necessary
@LauraBolivar https://7sage.com/lessons/foundations/conditional-and-set-logic/group-1-sufficient-condition-indicators
There's a difference between "The only" and "only." "The only" introduces a sufficient condition.
= studied --> As
As --> studied
@Kevin_Lin The video for the lesson didn't have "the only" listed as one of the indicators but the text below the video does. Are we supposed to be watching the videos AND reading the text? Is it possible to have the text and videos be consistent with one another?
4/5. Both Sufficient and Necessary have only indicators. Didn't see the "the"
5/5
aren't these mostly group 1 words? "the only", "when", "where"
Can someone clarify why #3 has 'the only' as a group 1 word. According to the lessons, 'only' only appears in group 2.
@SMRegalado Remember that these lists or groups of logical indicators are often too broad or too narrow. The word "only" does not always show a necessary condition. In this case, "only" points to a sufficient condition because many other things can count as being "written down" (like a book or a note). But if you reversed the idea, just because something is "written down" would not be enough to assume it’s the only oral myth that survived.
The main difference lies in the words that come before or after "only." The phrase "the only" is quantitative; it limits the number of possible options to a specific subset. In contrast, when "only" appears before a verb or clause, such as "only if" or "only when" it often points to a conditional relationship, which can change whether it signals a sufficient or necessary condition depending on context.
Ultimately, I think understanding this takes practice. You shouldn’t rely on the indicator words alone use them as a helpful tool, not as your main guide.
@SauceBoss this was more helpful than the video. thank you
@SauceBoss thank you for your help sauce boss
@SauceBoss you the goat sauce boss
Number 4 confuses me a bit; why if the necessary condition immediately follows the indicator, does it not have "abundant rain falls" on the right side of the arrow? "Abundant rain falls" immediately follows the indicator of "when", so I had it set up as:
hurricanes hit U.S. mainland frequently → abundant rain falls in Sub-Saharan Africa
This is wrong, obviously, but why? The others make sense to me but this one is tripping me up.
@SarahIngram There are sufficient condition indicators and necessary condition indicators. "When" introduces a sufficient condition (like "if").
@Kevin_Lin THANK YOU, I was confusing it with "ONLY when". Thought I was going crazy for a sec