Seeing a lot of tutor answers here, but none of them seem to really explain why E is right to me. 1, E specifically focuses on mammals which we do not know if this is representative. 2, the rate of speciation hypothesis depends on the difference between the speciation rate and extinction rate in the tropics being larger than that in higher latitudes. Even if 95% of mammal species in the tropics undergo rapid extinction, if the speciation rate is still larger and the difference between these rates is still bigger in the tropics than in higher latitudes then the hypothesis could still hold.

While I do understand that AC E creates some potholes that make it harder to draw the speciation rate hypothesis, I still feel that these 2 issues create significant assumptions that I would need to assume in order for it to effectively weaken the speciation hypothesis.

In contrast answer choice C solves one of the issues with a competing hypothesis: the untested mechanism for the species energy hypothesis. By doing this it strengthens this hypothesis. These theories seem to all be competing with each other; this is even singled by the fact that the speciation rate hypothesis is called the most plausible. As such I feel C is still the strongest answer?

Can someone please break this down for me in more detail?

@jlewis2618417 The bigger problem with E is that the author actually does consider that voting patterns among age groups will change in the future by suggesting that future generations will be even more disconnected as time goes on and each generation passes. Ie suggesting that these voting patterns will change in the future.

A big thing for me was spending more time understanding the passage itself. I used to spend a lot of time comparing answer choices to eachother which gave the answers control. Instead by truly understanding what was happening in the passage it was way easier to identify the right answer straight away. When I pick an answer I stick with it and don’t switch

I really struggled with question 3, got it right for different reason and wanted your opinion. I thought the conclusion was that the groups of turtles were distinct ie lived and bred separately. I thought that answer D showed that these turtles are potential a genetic match with both groups signifying both groups mating and therefore weakening the idea of them being distinct and seperate in terms of breeding. Does this logic still work or did I get lucky?

@bellas32110 my worst

@LoganSpina did the same thing and eliminated everything but E as a result

@DouglasSmith I found the conditional statement to be complex reasoning sufficient for changes in behaviour. Ie changes in behaviour are necessary for complex reasoning. And that makes the most sense with our answer which is "if complex reasoning (sufficient) then behaviour changes possible (necessary)".

@Kevin_Lin Yes please

7 answer A is also wrong because simultaneously suggests that Pluto could be considered a true planet AFTER it was ejected because it would no longer be a moon. Simultaneously doesn't say anything about classification once the state of being a moon ends because of ejection.