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For this question we have two subsets of etching tools, bladed and pin tipped. We know that some bladed etching tools are used for engraving, and that ALL pen tipped are used for engraving. The conclusion states that there are more etching tools used for engraving than not (most). Well I can immediately think of a reason that would be wrong, what if there are only like 5 pin tipped tools and 100 bladed tools? That would immediately cast doubt on the conclusion. B, however, states that there are an equal amount of both tools. Let's say there are 10 of each. Well ALL pin tipped are used for engraving so there's 10 engraving tools right there, and SOME (at least one) bladed ones are used for engraving, which would give us at LEAST 11 engraving tools out of 20.
E says there has been extensive hunting which could be interpreted as an increase in predators, rather than a decrease. I think if it were worded that numbers remained stable despite less pressure from hunters/natural predators, then it would be a good strengthen answer.
For me, I felt like A just didn’t do anything to add support for the conclusion. Maybe it adds some support to the premise, but that doesn’t strengthen the connection between family size and germs, which is what we’re really getting at.
I felt like D was the only one that made it clear that deaths wouldn't be cut in half. If iatrogenic diseases happen in response to people being hospitalized, then those people were already presumably sick with something else. Let's say a patient has cancer and as a result of that gets surgery and the wound from the surgery gets infected and kills that patient. Now let's say we've found a way to treat that type of infection, but the doctors weren't able to completely remove the cancer and the patient dies from cancer. Well in this scenario, we've just moved an iatrogenic death to a more "natural" death, but the amount of deaths stays the same and there is no decrease.