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passage 2
P1
Tribal communities in North America believe that their traditional languages are valuable resources that must be maintained. ███
Intro to Topic ·
Maintenance of traditional tribal languages
Problem ·
Language dying
Blame is on majority culture which separates a community and its traditions.
Solution ·
Community self-teaching
P2
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Solution Mechanics ·
Document the grammar
Example: Northern Utes created a sort of textbook on grammar.
P3
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Obstacle 1 ·
Difficulty writing down oral languages
Oral languages don't have written symbolic counterparts. So, I guess the challenge is that they have to invent the written counterparts?
P4
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Obstacle 2 ·
Many dialects
Which dialect should be written down and taught?
Solution / Decision ·
Northern Utes rejected standardization
They accept various spellings as long as meaning was the same. This may sound problematic for us but it's fine for what their community needs.
Results ·
Success
Children could write and speak the language.
P5
Opposition ·
Transforming an oral language to a written one is misguided and unnecessary
Rebuttal ·
It is necessary because language is dying
Though, perhaps language could be preserved purely orally if majority culture was avoided more thoroughly.
Passage Style
Critique or debate
Problem-analysis
14.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██████ ███ ████ ██ ██████ █ ███████ ████████ ███████ █████ ███ ████ ███████████
a
conviction that an █████ █████ ██ ███ ███ ██████████ ██ ███████
b
doubt that an █████ █████ ██ ██████ ██ █████████████ ████ ██ █████████
c
faith that an █████ █████ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ █████████ ███ ██████████
d
confidence that an █████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ████████████ ██ ████ █████████
e
suspicion that the ███████ ██████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ████ ███ ███ ████████ ██████████