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Explanations

PT122.S1.Q22

SECTION 1 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

SECTION 2 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26

SECTION 3 · rc

PASSAGE 1
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6

PASSAGE 2
Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13

PASSAGE 3
Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20

PASSAGE 4
Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25 Question 26 Question 27

SECTION 4 · lr

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 Question 11 Question 12 Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Question 19 Question 20 Question 21 Question 22 Question 23 Question 24 Question 25

PrepTest 122 - Section 1 - Question 22

Question

Explanation

Analytics

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Support If violations of any of a society's explicit rules routinely go unpunished, then that society's people will be left without moral guidance. ███████ ██████ ███ ████ █████ ████████ ████ ███ ██ ████ █████████ █████ █████ ████████ █████ █ ███████ █████ █████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ██ ██ ██████ ████ █████████

Summarize Argument

The author concludes that a society should never allow any of its explicit rules to be broken without punishment. This is based on the fact that if violation of a society’s explicit rules ROUTINELY go unpunished, the people in society will be left without moral guidance, which ultimately leads chaos.

Identify and Describe Flaw

The author overlooks the possibility that allowing rules to SOMETIMES go unpunished doesn’t necessarily have the negative effects of allowing rules to ROUTINELY go unpunished. Routine non-punishments means regularly letting violations go unpunished. Chaos results if that happens. But chaos might not result if you just left a few violations go unpunished, without letting the nonpunishment become routine.

Analysis by KevinLin

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22.

The reasoning in the argument ██ ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ███ ████████

takes for granted ████ █ ███████ ████ █████ █████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████████ █████ ███ █████████ ████████ ████ ████████

The author never assumes that avoiding routine nonpunishment is sufficient to avoid chaos completely. There might be other causes that lead to chaos; the author’s simply recommending that we should avoid one thing that we know causes chaos.

fails to consider ████ ███ ████████ █████ █████ ████ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ████████ ████ █████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ███ █████ ████ ███████

The purpose of the explicit rules is irrelevant, because the argument is based on the impact of routinely letting violations go unpunished. The purpose of the rules has no relationship to the fact that routine nonpunishment leads to chaos.

infers, from the █████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ██████████ █████ ████ ████ ██ ██████ ████ ███ █████████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ████ ██ █████

The argument does not use a premise about some particular rules to reach a conclusion about any rules. Both the premise and conclusion are about any explicit rules.

confuses the routine █████████████ ██ ██████████ ██ █ ████ ████ █████████ ███ █████████ ██████████ ██ ███ ████

The premise concerns the effects of routine nonpunishment. But the author interprets this as a statement about the effects of sometimes not punishing. This is why the author believes society should not even allow a single instance of nonpunishment.

takes for granted ████ ███ ██ █ █████████ ████████ █████ ██████ ██ ███████ ███████ ████████████ ████ ██████

The argument is based on the fact the routine nonpunishment of any explicit rule leads to chaos. But the author is open to the idea that murder might be more serious than theft. What matters is that routine nonpunishment of either leads to chaos.

Difficulty

Question

44% of people who answer get this correct

This is a very difficult question.

CURVE

Score of students with a 50% chance of getting this right

25% 157

165

75% 173

Analysis

Question Stem Tags

Flaw or descriptive weakening

Stimulus Tags

Conditional reasoning

Value judgment

Answer Popularity

Popularity Avg. score

20%

159

160

15%

157

44%

167

13%

161

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