PT124.S3.Q18

PrepTest 124 - Section 3 - Question 18

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Ethicist: Many environmentalists hold that the natural environment is morally valuable for its own sake, regardless of any benefits it provides us. ████████ ████ ██ ██████ ███ ██ █████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██ ████████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██████ ████ ██ ██████████ █████████ ███████ ██ ██ ███████████████ ██████████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███████ ████████ ███ ██████████ ████ ██ ██ ██████████ ██ ████████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ████ ██████████ ████████ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ████ ███ ████ ██████████ ███ █████ ██████

Summary

According to the ethicist, an argument for preserving nature is less vulnerable to logical objections if it emphasizes nature’s beauty, compared to emphasizing nature’s moral value. Why? Because beauty can independently justify nature’s preservation. And nature’s moral value is disputable, but its beauty is not.

Notable Assumptions

The ethicist explains some differences between nature’s beauty and its moral value, but then jumps to the conclusion that one is a less-vulnerable basis for preserving nature than the other. The ethicist must be assuming something about what makes arguments vulnerable.

So, the ethicist’s reasoning conforms to the principle that, if nature’s beauty can independently justify preserving nature and is not disputable, then it an argument based on beauty is less vulnerable than an argument based on a characteristic which is disputable.

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18.

The ethicist's reasoning most closely ████████ ██ █████ ███ ██ ███ █████████ ███████████

a

An argument in █████ ██ ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ██ ██ ██████ ███ █████ ██ ████ █████ ██████ █████ ███████████

b

If an argument ███ ██████████ ██████ ██████████ █ ████████ ██████████████ ██ ██████ ███ ██ ██████████ ██ ███████ ███████████ ████ ████ ██████████████ ████ ███ ███████ █ ██████████ ██████ ███ ██████████ ███████

c

If it is ███████████████ ██████████ ███████ ██████ ███ █ ███████ ███████████████ ████ ██████ █████ ██ ████ ███████ █████ ██████████ ██ ██ ███ ███ ████ ████ ███████████████

d

Anything that has █████ █████ ██ █████ ██████████ ██████████ ██ ███████ ██████ ████████ ██ ██ ██ ██████████

e

An argument for ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ ████ ████ ██ ███████ ██████████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ █ ██████████████ ████ ███ ██ ████████ ██ █ █████ ███ ██████████ ██████ ███ ████ ███████████████ ████████████ ███████ ██ ███████

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