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Science journalist: Europa, a moon of Jupiter, is covered with ice. ████ ████████ ███████████ ██ █ ██████████ ████████ ███████ ████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ██████ █████ ████ █████ ███ ████ ████ ██ ██ ████ ██ █████ ██████ ████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ ██████ ██████ ██ ██ ██████ ████ ██ █████ █████████ ████ ███ ███████ ██ ███████
Summarize Argument
The science journalist concludes that life has likely evolved on Europa, a moon of Jupiter. This is based on the claim that there is probably liquid water on Europa, and liquid water is necessary for life to evolve.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The science journalist confuses necessary and sufficient conditions, a cookie-cutter flaw. If liquid water is present on Europa, that would fulfill a necessary condition for life to evolve. However, liquid water might not be sufficient for life to evolve. Other factors might also be necessary, like the right temperature or geological conditions.
10.
The science journalist's argument is ████ ██████████ ██ █████████ ██ ███ ███████ ████ ██
a
takes for granted ████ ██ █ █████████ █████ ██ █████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ██ ████ ███ ████ ████ ████ █████ ███ ████ ███████ ████████ ████ ████ █████████ ████ ███ ████
b
fails to address ██████████ ███ ███████████ ████ █████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ███ ███ █████████ ██ ████ ██ ████████ ██ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ █████
c
takes for granted ████ ████ ██ ██████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ███ ████ ███ ████ ███████ ██ ██████
d
overlooks the possibility ████ █████ █████ ██ ██████████ █████ ██ ████ ████ ████ ███████ ███████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ █████
e
takes for granted ████ ██ ██████████ ██ ██████ █████ ████ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ██████ █████ █████ ████ █████████ ███ ███ ████ ███████████ ██ ███ ██████████