Subscription pricing
Moralist: A statement is wholly truthful only if it is true and made without intended deception. █ █████████ ██ █ ███ ██ ██ ██ ████████ ██ ███████ ██ ██ ███ ████████ ████ ████████ ████ ███ █████████ ███ ███████████████ ████████ ████ ██████████ ███
Summary
We’re given two principles concerning the truth of a statement:
(1) If a statement is wholly true, then it is true and not intended to deceive.
(2) if a statement is intended to deceive or if the speaker does not correct themselves after learning their statement was misinterpreted, then it is a lie.
Find or Complete the Application
We must find the right application of these principles. We can conclude that a statement is not wholly true by denying either of the necessary conditions, but we can’t prove that a statement is true. Similarly, we can conclude that a statement is a lie by triggering either of the sufficient conditions, but we can’t conclude that a statement isn’t a lie.
The right answer will feature one of these valid conclusions.
22.
Which one of the following █████████ ████ ███████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████████ ██████ ██ ███ █████████
a
Ted's statement to ███ ████████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████████ ██ ████████████████ ██████ ███ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████ ██ ███ ███ ████ ████ ████████ ██ ████████████████ ███████ █████ ████ ███ ███ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ███ █████████████
b
Tony was not █████ ████ ██ ████ ███ █████████████ ████ ██ ███ ███ ████ █████████ ███ ████ ██████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███ ██████████████ ███ ████ ██ █████ ██ ████ ████ ███ ███ ███ ███████ ████
c
Siobhan did not ████ █ ███ ████ ███ ████ ███ ██████████ ████ ███ ███ ███ ███ █████ █████ ███ ██ ████ ██ ████ ██ ████ ███ ██ █████████ █████████████ ████████ ████ ██████ ███ █████████ ███ █████ ██ ███ ███ ██████ █████████
d
Walter's claim to █ █████████ ████████ ████ ██ ███ ████ █████████ ████ ███ █ ████ ████ ██████ ██████ ███ ██████ ███████ ███ ██ ███ ████████ ████████ ██ ████ ███ ██████ ██████████ █████ ██ ██ ███████ ██ ███████ ███ ███████████ ████ ████████ ██ ███ ██████ ███ █ ████████ ██████████ ██████
e
The tour guide ████████ ██ ███████ ███ ████████ ████ ██ ████ ████ ████ ███ █████ ████ ████ ███████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██████ ███ █████████ █████ ███ ███████ ███ ███ ███ █ ████ ███ ██ ██ ███████ ████ ████ █████████ ███ ████ ███████████████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ██ ███████ ███