Here is an LR Cheat Sheet I derived quite a while ago. I hope it helps some of you out there.
Best of luck to all!
LR Question Type Cheat Sheet
Inference Questions (Must Be True)
General:
• Requires you to select the answer choice that can be proven by the information presented in the stimulus.
• Pre-phrasing answer choices is often difficult
• Correct answer choices tend to be conservative and free of “load-bearing” language
• Often the stimulus is a fact set and not an argument
Correct Answer Types:
• Paraphrased answers: are answers that restate a portion of the stimulus (at times easy to miss b/c stated in different language than the stimulus)
• Combination answers: answers that result from combining two or more statements in the stimulus
Incorrect Answer Types:
• Could be true answers: are attractive b/c they could be true, but are nevertheless incorrect b/c they do not HAVE to be true
• Extreme answers: are exaggerated answers that are too extreme to be supported by the information presented in the stimulus
• New information: answer choices that bring in new information without warrant (make sure it is not the result of combining two or more statements which would make it the right answer)
• Opposite answers: answers that are completely opposite from the information presented in the stimulus
• Shell Game: vey subtle shift in concept or term that makes the answer choice slightly incorrect (Alex is greedy therefore Alex is mean: greedy and mean are not the same thing despite being similar)
• Reverse answer: answer choice will reverse the relationship of two key terms
Weaken Questions
General:
• Stimulus will almost always contain an argument
• Understand the structure of the argument to gain perspective necessary to attack the author’s position (reasoning errors are usually present)
• Weaken questions often yield strong pre-phrases
• Correct answers rarely attack the premises, rather they almost always show that the conclusion does not necessarily follow from the premises (that is to say, the answers will attack the relationship between the premises and the conclusion made by the author)
• When you have conditional reasoning in the stimulus and a Weaken question, immediately look for an answer that attacks the necessary condition (show that the necessary condition does not need to occur in order for the sufficient condition to occur)
Correct Answer Types:
• Incomplete information: the author fails to consider all of the possibilities or relies upon evidence that is incomplete
• Improper comparison: the author tries to compare two or more elements that are essentially different
• Qualified conclusion: The author qualifies or limits the conclusion in such a way as to leave the argument open to attack
Incorrect Answer Types:
• Opposite answers: answer choices that actually strengthen the argument (tempting because it relates perfectly to the argument but in the opposite way needed to be correct)
• Shell game answers
• Out of scope answer choices