@CTU2B I think this answer choice D falls under the "add another fact in need of an explanation" trap answer

"The correct answer will either explicitly state a fact that will casually explain, partially or fully, the phenomena or it will suggest a causal explanation." - Is casually here intended to be causally?

it still would not be a valid conclusion--I believe your reasoning confuses a necessary condition for one that is sufficient.

Kumar meets the necessary condition for being cited as late, but he doesn't necessarily have to be cited as late, even if we assume that Kumar is a student.

An aside, the infinite regress of definitions reminds me of the now infamous Jordan Peterson clip. "What do you mean by believe?" LOL

@NicholasRestrepo word