Ok, hold on- I'm confused about Q4. I also concluded that I could read the stimulus material through the False Dichotomy lens, but I confidently said D...I can logically understand now, after thinking myself in a circle then realizing why I was wrong, why it was E, but I guess this is for others to avoid the mistake I made?

Follow me through my original thinking, right? So, the conclusion states "grammar books are useless as reference sources for authors." That being said, False Dichotomy, from a previous module, says it's essentially when you assume that there's only two possible options, reasons, or choices for something when, in reality, there may be more.

In the case of Q4, D says "presumes, without justification, that grammar books cannot have any use except as reference sources." While that's inherently a very real possibility, the act of grammar books being used as a reference source was never where the dichotomy lives in. It's either "reference source" or "reference source" since, either way, neither end up using them in the end.

Where the actual two options live is between writing a grammatically correct sentence and not writing a grammatically correct sentence. One doesn't use a grammar book because they never wrote the "what would be" grammatically incorrect sentence down. The other wouldn't use one as, in this scenario, they're certain it's correct and have no need to.

Considering that's where the "real" differing in the scenario is and E, saying "ignores the possibility that there's a middle ground between being sure that a sentence is grammatical and thinking that it is ungrammatical," is the only viable option that explicitly mentions the "grammatical or ungrammatical" nature that would require using or not using a grammar book as a reference source...then E has to, realistically anyway, be the only possible answer.

• Yo...did that make any sense? Cause I got to the right answer after initially getting it wrong, I just don't know if my thought process is correct... 🤔

Here's the gist:

1. Misdirected Responsexb

   • When speaker or second person responds to an argument the other person didn't actually make

   • aims for wrong target

     • Marcia: Not all vegetarian diets lead to nutritional deficiencies. Research shows that vegetarians can obtain a full complement of proteins and minerals from non-animal foods

       Theodora: You are wrong in claiming that vegetarianism cannot lead to nutritional deficiencies. If most people became vegetarians, some of those losing jobs due to the collapse of many meat-based industries would fall into poverty and hence be unable to afford a nutritionally adequate diet.

       • Theodora's reply to Marcia's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that her reply...

         • is directed toward disproving a claim that Marcia did not make

1. False Dichotomy

   • When you think you're limited to only 2 options when there might be other ones available

     • We need to increase our profits the next fiscal year, or else we'll go bankrupt. One way to do this is to cut back on employee benefits and other perks across our entire restaurant chain. Another way is to close down. unprofitable locations and lay off the employees who work there. So no matter what, in order to avoid bankruptcy, some of our employees will be negatively impacted.

       • The argument's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it...

         • assumes without warrant that a situation only allows two possibilities

1. Confusing a Mental State with Reality

   • When you mix up a fact about the world with someone's belief or intention (what's happening in their mind), or the other way around

     • Last year, Professor O'Brien banned laptops from her class and announced she would start grading on a forced curve. Although her class used to be one of the most popular, those changes led students this year to avoid her class. Professor O'Brien must have changed her policies to drive students away and decrease her workload.

       • The argument's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it...

         • assumes that because an action was followed by a change, the action was undertaken for the purpose of bringing about that change

1. Confusing Lack of Support with False Conclusion

   • When you think knocking down someone's argument proves that their conclusion is wrong

   • a conclusion can still stand, even if you take away its support

     • An art historian argues that because 15th century European paintings were generally more planimetric (that is, two-dimensional with no attempt at suggesting depth), than were 16th century paintings, 15th century European painters did not have a greater mastery of painting, for the degree for which a painting is planimetric is irrelevant to the painter's mastery.

       • the argument is flawed in that it...

         • rejects a position on the grounds that an inadequate argument has been made for it

1. Attacking the Source

   • When you attack the person that holds the view instead of the view itself

   • a person's character doesn't necessarily affect whether their view is true

     • Students assert that allowing them to use AI to write their essays will give them valuable experience using tools that employers value. But this is obviously self-serving, since students are lazy and won't have to do so much homework if AI is allowed to write their essays. So we shouldn't take their claim seriously.

       • The argument is flawed in that it...

         • attacks the proponent of a claim rather than the merits of the claim

1. Overlooking Factors

   • When you base a judgement on only SOME of the factors that matter

   • fixating on one effect while ignoring the ones that push the other way

     • Union Member: Some members of our labor union are calling for an immediate strike. But a strike would cut into our strike fund and would in addition lead to a steep fine, causing us to suffer a major financial loss. Therefore, we must not strike now.

       • The union member's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it...

         • fails to consider that the benefits to be gained from a strike might outweigh the costs

1. Part v. Whole

   • when you assume something that true about individual components of a thing must also be true about the whole thing...or vice versa

     • Every note in the melody Chang composed is one of the twelve standard pitches found in any beginner's music book. Since no individual note is distinctive, the melody itself cannot be distinctive.

       • The argument's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it...

         • assumes that because something is true of each of the parts of a whole, it is true of the whole itself

1. Unrepresented Sample

   • When you generalize about a group based on a slice of it that's skewed in a relevant way

     • A non-profit organization concerned with a social issue sent out a fundraising letter to 5,000 people. The letter was accompanied by a survey soliciting recipients' opinions. Of the 300 responses, 283 indicated in the survey that they agreed with the organization's position on the social issue. This suggests that most of the 5,000 people to whom the letter was sent agreed with that position.

       • The argument's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it...

         • draws a conclusion about a population from observations of a subgroup that is quite likely to be unrepresentative of that population in certain relevant respects

1. Assuming Cause from Correlation

   • When you think the fact two things tend to show up together proves that one thing must CAUSE the other

   • could be other explanations for why such two things show up together

     • The proportion of fat calories in the diets of people who read the nutrition labels on food products is significantly lower than it is in the diets of people who do not read nutrition labels. This shows that reading these labels promotes healthier dietary behavior.

       • The argument's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it...

         • illicitly infers a cause from a correlation

1. Confusing Sufficient and Necessary Conditions

   • When you think something that guarantees a thing is absolutely required for that thing

   • Or when you think something that's absolutely required for a thing is guaranteed by a thing

     • If a literary work belongs to the Romantic tradition, it will privilege emotion over reason. Whitmer's recently rediscovered novella unmistakably privileges emotion over reason. Therefore, the novella belongs to the Romantic tradition.

       • The argument's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it...

         • takes a sufficient condition for a necessary one

Thanks for the clarification on what BRs are...but why am I getting it halfway through the essentially intro module to the LR section...? Had an issue in the foundations and had to google it cause I didn't know the purpose of the BRs and had to google it. Think it'd be a lot more beneficial before the actual start of any drills

Just sat here chuckling cause the first thing I thought of from the toppled trash can is "that'd be an even BIGGER phenomenon if it was toppled and you live alone." Send help, I'm starting to lose it, I think lmao

I finally just finished this video... I do fear I should just give up on this y'all........

is literally NO ONE gonna talk about that last example in the first part of the video...?! With the baby...?! I got earbuds with noise cancelling in and nearly fell out my chair with that freaky ass laugh

PT101.S2.Q25

I quite literally beg, if someone else had this question, can you please explain to me why it's:

"Knowingly making a false claim is unethical only if it is reasonable for people to accept the claim as true."

I read the explanation AND watched the video workthrough and deadass just ended up waaaay more confused. It's the only one where I got both the actual and BR wrong

I just didn't realize this was timed and that really bit me in the ass there. The way things are highlighted in segments made it hard for me to read smoothly bro

I'm not sure if I'm just slow or what but I still don't necessarily understand why we need to know this... I was always really bad at the grammar units in my past English classes, but I've just boiled it down to shortening each sentence once I finish reading it in order to put in in short-form. No LSAT questions actively ask about grammar, so why exactly do we need to know? Is it just so we know how to read?

@libertybiberty You can take a physical paper test. The issue is that it's an accommodation you have to request with documentation to support why you need it. I take a physical paper and pencil test and am about to retake another in September with the same. You can also request an accommodation for additional scratch paper or extra time, but again, it needs to be supported by documentation of need. Even still, I had double the time and didn't have the chance to use any scratch paper whatsoever

Gonna actually crash out rn. The one thing I've learned that I hate is the BR stuff after you finish the questions. It turns out I got 4/5 questions right the first time, but then questions 2, 4, and 5 were circled in red during the BR, making me think I'd gotten them wrong. So I changed my answers. Only to find out that they could be circled for any myriad of reasons so I ended up with a 2/5 on the BR.

Saw something abt some people not being able to access the full image of this...also idk my section was arguments but I also accidentally did a whole module and a half before realizing cause my start date was incorrect. I'm tapping out, been doing this since 11am, it's almost 10pm now 😬

Ok, I got 2 outta 5. How in the hell do I find out what I missed? What in the hell is a blind review and why are people saying their actual scores differ from their BR? What's that mean?!

@frans22 Throw everything you know to be true completely out the window... if the question tells you to act as if the stimulus material is true, then the words of that stimulus material is what you've known to be true your whole life, at least within the confines of the test lol

General consensus I've read and heard others talking about that often trips people up the most on the LR sections? Do NOT pay any attention to the truthfulness, or lack thereof, of the stimulus material. Additionally, DON'T compare it to what you may personally know, in reality, to be true. If the stimulus question aligns with what we know to be true outside of the test? Fabulous!. Otherwise, if the stimulus question tells you the sky is green, fish are birds, or all bears are friendly, then you need to act under the brief but full assumption that those words are truth, even if you logically know they aren't. Trust, I got a reeeaalll hard time doing this too

Actually sobbing rn, wtf? It does make more sense with the breakdown, but my ass was staring at the question like "...huh...?" Got a month till my second attempt and I'm starting today- pray for my mental fortitude, y'all. Kick ass on yours!