If I go to the Gym on Sunday, then I will do cardio OR lift weights.
Gym on Sunday --> Cardio OR lift weights
Gym on Sunday --> (/Cardio OR lift weights)
Gym on sunday and /Cardio --> Lift weights
Hey, my LSAT brothers and sisters,
I just started studying for the LSAT on January 1st, 2026. I live in the Houston, Texas Area.
Looking to see if anyone wants to join me for the LSAT in August!
Take the exam. If you don't get the score you want, take another 4-6 months and study again. If you have to miss the application date, so what? If the only school you wish to apply to won't accept you, then what other choice do you have?
1/3 on first try, then 2/3 on blind review getting 2nd question wrong.
2 I understand why I got it wrong. I wrote out the conditions, because on blind review I picked B. Well if
The guy is appointed --> polls are accurate BUT
its invalid with the argument because:
/polls grossly inaccurate --> slatter win --> appointed
If we contrapositive:
/appointed --> /slatter win --> polls grossly accurate
DOESN'T WORK WITH CHOICE B:
Appointed --> /polls grossly inaccurate.
Sufficient conditions:
if, when, where, all, every, any
Necessary conditions:
only, only if, only when, only where, always, must
Negate, sufficient:
or, unless, until, without
Negate, necessary:
no, none, not both, and cannot
If X requires Y, then Y is a necessary condition.
If X is required by Y, then Y is a sufficient condition.
J --> F --> T --> D
Conclusion:
To be a Jedi requires extraordinary discipline.
J --> D. Valid argument.
Sufficient conditions:
if, when, where, all, every, any
Necessary conditions:
only, only if, only when, only where, always, must
Negate, sufficient:
or, unless, until, without
Negate, necessary:
no, none, not both, and cannot
Sufficient conditions:
if, when, where, all, every, any
Necessary conditions:
only, only if, only when, only where, always, must
Negate, sufficient:
or, unless, until, without
Negate, necessary:
no, none, not both, and cannot
Negate Sufficient Indicators:
or
unless
until
without
Blackouts will occur unless the heat wave abates.
Pick either idea, then negate that idea (blackouts will occur), then make that the sufficient condition.
/BO -->
The other idea is the necessary condition.
--> HWA
So now:
/BO --> HWA
/(Blackouts will occur) --> (The heat wave abates)
Contrapositive:
/HWA --> BO
/(The heat wave abates) --> (Blackouts will occur)
This means the heat waves DOES NOT abate --> blackout will occur.
5/5, it's all starting to click now! I just needed to keep practicing and drawing examples.
PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE!
For anyone stuck on these:
Write out all the indicator words and place them in a necessary and sufficient column.
Draw out the circles for necessary and sufficient.
Enjoy.
I was having trouble especially with the questions, but once I drew them out, I understood it completely. Now I can visualize these problems in my head.
Keep drawing each problem out and placing the necessary and sufficient conditions in each circle.
You will thank me later.
5/5 We getting there!!!!
I just have to remember what the indicator words are. If I have a list next to me, I always get it right.
Students are cited as 'late' only IF they arrive more than 5 minutes past the last ring of the homeroom bell
late --> 5 minutes
/5 minutes late --> /late
BUT
Students are cited as 'late' IF they arrive more than 5 minutes past the last ring of the homeroom bell
5 minutes late --> late
/late --> /5 minutes
Students are cited as 'late' ONLY IF (NECESSARY) they arrive more than 5 minutes past the last ring of the homeroom bell (necessary condition from ONLY IF)
late --> 5 minutes
Kumar arrived 17 minutes after the last ring of the homeroom bell.
Therefore, Kumar will be cited as "late". (sufficient condition)
5 minutes late (17 minutes after) --> Late (sufficient)
If you are just 5 minutes late, you are cited late.
BUT NOT THE SAME AS NECESSARY:
late ONLY IF they arrive more than 5 minutes
late --> 5 minutes after bell
In order to be cited late you ONLY must arrive 5 minutes after bell.
Being cited Late is a subset of 5 minutes after. Kumar will be in the superset (5 minutes after), but not in the subset (being cited as late).
I will go on a hike, if it is Sunday.
Sunday --> Hike
/Hike --> /Sunday
Omar woke up on Sunday.
Therefore, Omar will go on a hike.
Sunday --> Hike
Conclusion. Valid.
BUT
I will go on a hike, ONLY if it is Sunday.
Hike --> Sunday
Omar woke up on Sunday.
Therefore, Omar will go on a Hike.
Sunday --> Hike
Conclusion. INVALID.
When zombies attack New York City, the real estate market will crash.
Z --> R
/R --> /Z
To qualify as a suspect class for purposes of equal protection analysis, plaintiffs must make a showing that the characteristic defining the class is an immutable trait. Plaintiffs have not cited any authority to support the conclusion that homosexuality is an immutable characteristic. The court therefore declines to find that plaintiffs constitute a suspect class.
SC --> I
h/I
h/SC
If one is a king, then one is a man.
K --> M
Condition: A situation or state that causes another to have to be true. That's what the LSAT means by conditional logic.
If one is not a man, then one is not a king.
/M --> /K
All cats are mammals. Garfield is a cat. Therefore, Garfield is a mammal.
cats = C
mammals = M
Garfield = G
Cats --> Mammals
C --> M
Being a cat is sufficient to being a mammals but is not necessary.
Being a mammal is necessary to being a cat but is not sufficient.
Garfield is a cat, therefore he is also a mammal.
Premise 1: If the restaurant introduces chicken sandwiches, then sales will increase for the company.
Premise 2: The restaurant introduces chicken sandwiches to the menu.
Conclusion: Therefore, sales increase for the company.
Subset: Earth
Superset: Solar System
Being on Earth is sufficient for being in the Solar System, but not necessary.
You can be on any planet, like Mars, because it is not necessary to be JUST on Earth.
As long as you are on a planet, it is sufficient.
Being in the Solar System is necessary for being on planet Earth, but not sufficient.
In order to be on Earth, you must be in the Solar System.
sufficiency (subset) vs necessity (superset)
Eating shrimp is sufficient to eat Seafood, but not necessary.
Since shrimp is a subset (belonging to the seafood group) you can eat shrimp which would be sufficient enough to eating A SEAFOOD. BUT it is not necessary to eat ALL foods of seafood.
You can eat from the specific (shrimp) which is a subset of seafood which is a general group, but it is not necessary.
Eating seafood is necessary to eat shrimp, but not sufficient.
If you are in the superset of seafood, that must mean it is necessary to eat shrimp. Shrimp is a specific item of seafood.
But it is not sufficient to just eat shrimp. If you eat seafood, it is not sufficient that you are eating shrimp. You don't have to eat shrimp, but it is necessary that you eat a seafood.
Another Example:
The city of Houston is sufficient to be in the USA, but not Necessary.
Living in the city of Houston is specific, sufficient, and JUST ENOUGH to be in the United States, BUT NOT NECESSARY.
You can live in any city and still be in the USA. It is not necessary to live in Houston, if you want to be in the United States you can live in NYC, LA, etc.
The country of USA is necessary to be in the city of Houston, but not sufficient.
Living in the USA is necessary if you want to live in the city of Houston but is not sufficient.
But it is not sufficient to just live in Houston. You can live in any city and be in the USA, as long as the city is located in the USA.
Some cultivars of corn are much more closely related morphologically to sorghum than to most other cultivars of corn.
A v. B
Sorghum v. Most other cultivars of corn
Relationship to Identify?
Some cultivars of corn are much more closely related morphologically...to which one (A or B)?
Winner?
Sorghum.
Some cultivars of corn are much more closely related morphologically to Sorghum than to most other cultivars of corn.
Change the Sentence.
Some cultivars of corn are much less closely related morphologically to most other cultivars of corn than to sorghum.
The genetic differences between the shrimp populations are much less significant than those between shrimp and any other marine species.
A v. B
Between Shrimp Populations v. Shrimp and any other marine species.
What is the relationship between A and B?
The genetic differences between A and B. Which is less significant than?
Winner?
Between Shrimp Populations.
The genetic differences between shrimp populations are much less significant than shrimp and any other marine species.
Change the Sentence.
The genetic differences between shrimp and any other marine species are much more significant than those between shrimp populations.
If the concentration of air pollutants is above normal for a prolonged period, then there are many more respiratory issues.
Implication...:
There are many more respiratory issues when the concentration of air pollutants is above normal for a prolonged period of time, than when air pollutants is not above normal for a prolonged period of time.
The Cafes are always busier during the morning rush
Implication...:
The cafes are busier during the morning rush than the Afternoon, or night.
A complicated hotel security system is no more effective in preventing losses by theft than a simple one.
A v. B
a complicated Hotel Security System vs A simple one
What is the relationship comparing to?
Which one is no more effective in preventing losses by theft?
Winner?
A simple one.
A complicated hotel security system is either less effective or equally effective at preventing theft than a simple one.
People should feel no more responsible for economic disasters than for military invasions.
A v. B
Economic Disasters v. Military Invasions.
What is the relationship comparing to?
People should feel no more responsible.
Winner?
People should feel no more responsible for economic disasters vs. military invasions.
The responsibility for Economic disasters are equal or less than military invasions.
People should feel the same amount of responsibility for both OR more responsibility for military invasions.
Some cultivars of corn are much more closely related morphologically to sorghum than to most other cultivars of corn.
A v. B
Sorghum vs. most other cultivars of corn.
What is the relationship we are comparing these two?
Which one is more closely related morphologically to some cultivars of corn vs most other cultivars of corn?
Winner?
Sorghum.
Cultivars of corn are much more closely related morphologically to sorghum than to most other cultivars of corn.
The most recent scientific research shows that the proportion of fat calories in the diets of people who read the nutrition labels on food products is significantly lower than it is in the diets of people who do not read nutrition labels.
A v. B
Diets of people who read the nutrition labels on food products vs Diets of people who do not read the nutrition labels on food products.
Read the nutrition labels vs. Don't read
What is the relationship comparing A vs B?
Which proportion of fat calories is significantly lower (when reading vs. not reading nutrition labels)?
Winner?
People who read the nutrition labels.
Only took me a minute and 28 seconds. Got it correct with 13 seconds to spare.
Honestly, I ignored the crazy conditionals and exception modules before this one... It just overcomplicates things.
I just read the question and went through each answer choice.
In my head I asked 3 things.
What is the question asking me?
Which answer choice closely resembles the application?
Which ones can I eliminate off the bat?
A lot of these lessons overcomplicate things and muddle the water... We have to be quick on these questions. It's just basic logic for a lot of these questions.