This is just a clarification question because I got the answer right, but I'm confused about the wording. In this context, does "and" essentially function like "or"? The way I read it, something would need to satisfy both conditions in order to receive funding (or, in this case, fail to satisfy both conditions in order not to receive funding). Is that the correct interpretation, or does "and" mean something different here?
anyone with disabilities or visual issues struggling to make sense of the handwriting in these videos? its so small and in cursive. I have to constantly look down at the typed version and its taking me longer to do notes. Apologies if it's just me!
I got this question right before the video thanks to the knowledge of ChatGBT ( I apologize for the clean water usage in advance) and process of elimination. ChatGBT Said whenever you see a MBT question type think " what is guaranteed by the stimulus" and conduct the "Proof Test".
The Proof Test: for ever answer ask: Can I point to the exact sentences that prove this?
if yes, keep it
if you have to make even one assumption, eliminate.
(im not sure if this will work 100% of the time but so far it has helped me understand MBT at least a little)
B and C are wrong b/c they are assuming the area studies did not/ if it did not duplicates. the stimulus clearly states that it did duplicate so no need to assume.
D is wrong b/c the stimulus States the Area studies duplicate not the Anthropology department
if you diagram, you will see that this is a conjunction that occurs in the sufficient condition. meaning both element together guarantee the Nece of Depart. not funded.
fewer then 50 people and 25%duplicate...} Department not funded
E is wrong b/c if the area studies did have fewer then 50 then both Suffi. condition has been met thus not funded. but we know it was funded.
A is right b/c having at lease 50 people means one condition was not met.
I don’t understand this. If there are two conditions that need to be met to be funded and it fails one of those, I would think that it means it fails regardless of the second condition? If it said less than 50 or more than 25% I would understand the answer but there are two conditions that need to be fulfilled to be funded.
I am confused when you do the contrapositive because are you not negating both "Not be funded" AND "there's fewer than 50 people" because its changing from "funded" and "not fewer than 50 people"...?
Am I the only one who hates how these are setup? I like to try to come up with my own answers before seeing the full explanation and comparing thought processes to see how I can further improve mine.
I really struggle with conditional logic and do not know what to do. I am not sure if I should go back and relearn it or if I should just continue with the lesson plan. I fell behind with my study plan because of finals...
I kicked "proposal for a new department (PND)" up to the domain, as it was pretty clear that that likely wouldn't be contested. Helped simplify and anticipate the right answer a little faster, so all I had to do was hunt.
Before I watched the video I literally solved it like "if there are fewer then 50 people per year AND duplicate more than 25% THEN a proposal for a new department will not be funded" and instinctively knew the answer would be something about having at least 50 or more people in the department before i read the rest of the stimulus. when the stimulus mentioned that there will be a duplicate of 25% that automatically means there are at least 50 people in the department. Im not sure if i solved it the right way in my head but the way the video explained the embedded conditionals was just very confusing
@McSec You can use the "Show question" button right below the title. That gives you the entire question to evaluate before looking at the rest of the lesson.
University administrator: Any proposal for a new department will not be funded if there are
Fewer than 50 people per year available for hire in that field and
the proposed department would duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in one of our existing departments.
The proposed Area Studies Department will duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in our existing Anthropology Department.
However, we will fund the new department.
Which one of the following statements follows logically from the university administrator's statements?
a. The field of Area Studies has at least 50 people per year available for hire. 50 or more so correct.
b. The proposed Area Studies Department would not duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in any existing department other than Anthropology. Incorrect.
c. If the proposed Area Studies Department did not duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in Anthropology, then the new department would not be funded. Incorrect.
d. The Anthropology Department duplicates more than 25 percent of the material covered in the proposed Area Studies Department.
e. The field of Area Studies has fewer than 50 people per year available for hire. Incorrect.
This felt so intuitive to me. It was just clear that the answer would be that the new department has at least 50 people to hire. Is it necessary to diagram when you intuitively know the answer? Or is it a best practice to diagram only when you're not so sure?
@CheyenneBandy diagramming takes time so if you intuitively know, you should answer and move on. Diagramming feels more useful when you need to eliminate answers.
I'm confused about the "and" between both necessary conditions. I thought if it was AND instead of OR that means both apply? As in, if both occur then the department would not be funded
I found this video explanation to be concise. Though it is long , I still paused and wrote down all the breakdowns from sentence 1 to 3. It is a lot of note taking but, if the questions are this detailed, I would rather do that now than NOT during the test.
I feel like the video explanations for questions in the lessons are way to long and include so much unnecessary info. It makes it hard to pay attention and distinguish between useful and fluff information.
@sydneybouwman YEah, all of the notes had me lost one after the other. Was way to long and too much info to take in, surely there has to be a more precise, clear way of getting down to the right answer.
proposal not funded if <50 people for hire and >25% duplication
Area Studies proposal will be funded
>25% duplication? yes
<50 people for hire? no --> why? because if there were <50 people for hire, the proposal would not have been funded
A) must be true. if there were fewer than 50 people for hire, the proposal would not have been funded
B) doesn't matter if the proposed department duplicates material in more than one existing department. we already know it duplicates more than 25% of the material in anthropology and that is enough to know that one of the conditions for not receiving funding has been met.
C) it could still be funded with less than 25% duplication. we know only that funding will be witheld if there is more than 25% duplication and less than 50 people for hire. So less than 25% duplication could lead to funding (regardless of hiring avaialbility)
D) We don't know the amount of material in each department so we cannot determine whether or not this is true. Let's say that 'material' = books. anthropology department = 100 books and area studies department = 500 books. 50 of the books overlap (are in both departments). This means that area studies duplicates 50% of the material covered in anthropology, but anthropology duplicates only 10% of the material covered in area studies.
E) cannot be true. if there were fewer than 50 people for hire, the proposal would not have been funded
142 comments
This is just a clarification question because I got the answer right, but I'm confused about the wording. In this context, does "and" essentially function like "or"? The way I read it, something would need to satisfy both conditions in order to receive funding (or, in this case, fail to satisfy both conditions in order not to receive funding). Is that the correct interpretation, or does "and" mean something different here?
there has to be a way to answer this without the charts
anyone with disabilities or visual issues struggling to make sense of the handwriting in these videos? its so small and in cursive. I have to constantly look down at the typed version and its taking me longer to do notes. Apologies if it's just me!
I got this question right before the video thanks to the knowledge of ChatGBT ( I apologize for the clean water usage in advance) and process of elimination. ChatGBT Said whenever you see a MBT question type think " what is guaranteed by the stimulus" and conduct the "Proof Test".
The Proof Test: for ever answer ask: Can I point to the exact sentences that prove this?
if yes, keep it
if you have to make even one assumption, eliminate.
(im not sure if this will work 100% of the time but so far it has helped me understand MBT at least a little)
B and C are wrong b/c they are assuming the area studies did not/ if it did not duplicates. the stimulus clearly states that it did duplicate so no need to assume.
D is wrong b/c the stimulus States the Area studies duplicate not the Anthropology department
if you diagram, you will see that this is a conjunction that occurs in the sufficient condition. meaning both element together guarantee the Nece of Depart. not funded.
fewer then 50 people and 25%duplicate...} Department not funded
E is wrong b/c if the area studies did have fewer then 50 then both Suffi. condition has been met thus not funded. but we know it was funded.
A is right b/c having at lease 50 people means one condition was not met.
Hardest LR question type so far, but we all are capable of dominating it!
I don’t understand this. If there are two conditions that need to be met to be funded and it fails one of those, I would think that it means it fails regardless of the second condition? If it said less than 50 or more than 25% I would understand the answer but there are two conditions that need to be fulfilled to be funded.
@ConnorWoodrick I'm wondering this too.
@ConnorWoodrick I think you forgot that two conditions need to be met for it NOT to be funded
I am confused when you do the contrapositive because are you not negating both "Not be funded" AND "there's fewer than 50 people" because its changing from "funded" and "not fewer than 50 people"...?
Yes this makes sense I hope all of them will be this easyyyyyy
If all the requirements were met, wouldn’t it being funded not be 100% guaranteed since being funded is the neccesity?
Am I the only one who hates how these are setup? I like to try to come up with my own answers before seeing the full explanation and comparing thought processes to see how I can further improve mine.
@AutumnKelly9 You can do that by clicking the "view question" button in the top left corner under the heading banner
I really struggle with conditional logic and do not know what to do. I am not sure if I should go back and relearn it or if I should just continue with the lesson plan. I fell behind with my study plan because of finals...
@asanchez I think you should go back and relearn it. If you continue you will not understand it well enough and that can mess you up later.
I kicked "proposal for a new department (PND)" up to the domain, as it was pretty clear that that likely wouldn't be contested. Helped simplify and anticipate the right answer a little faster, so all I had to do was hunt.
Why cant it be the area studies department isn't new, maybe it's old and got shut down?
It's possible but is not logically followed by the stimulus.
Before I watched the video I literally solved it like "if there are fewer then 50 people per year AND duplicate more than 25% THEN a proposal for a new department will not be funded" and instinctively knew the answer would be something about having at least 50 or more people in the department before i read the rest of the stimulus. when the stimulus mentioned that there will be a duplicate of 25% that automatically means there are at least 50 people in the department. Im not sure if i solved it the right way in my head but the way the video explained the embedded conditionals was just very confusing
I gave up the video part from the last charpter
[This comment was deleted.]
@McSec You can use the "Show question" button right below the title. That gives you the entire question to evaluate before looking at the rest of the lesson.
University administrator: Any proposal for a new department will not be funded if there are
Fewer than 50 people per year available for hire in that field and
the proposed department would duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in one of our existing departments.
The proposed Area Studies Department will duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in our existing Anthropology Department.
However, we will fund the new department.
Which one of the following statements follows logically from the university administrator's statements?
a. The field of Area Studies has at least 50 people per year available for hire. 50 or more so correct.
b. The proposed Area Studies Department would not duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in any existing department other than Anthropology. Incorrect.
c. If the proposed Area Studies Department did not duplicate more than 25 percent of the material covered in Anthropology, then the new department would not be funded. Incorrect.
d. The Anthropology Department duplicates more than 25 percent of the material covered in the proposed Area Studies Department.
e. The field of Area Studies has fewer than 50 people per year available for hire. Incorrect.
I totally confused "and" for "or" on this one. But it makes sense now
This felt so intuitive to me. It was just clear that the answer would be that the new department has at least 50 people to hire. Is it necessary to diagram when you intuitively know the answer? Or is it a best practice to diagram only when you're not so sure?
@CheyenneBandy diagramming takes time so if you intuitively know, you should answer and move on. Diagramming feels more useful when you need to eliminate answers.
I'm confused about the "and" between both necessary conditions. I thought if it was AND instead of OR that means both apply? As in, if both occur then the department would not be funded
@hebakalises You are correct, in case of AND both sufficient have to be true for the necessary to be true. In this case the logic is:
Domain: New Department
(fewer than 50 and duplicate 25+) -> /funded.
The stimulus tells us that "duplicate 25+" is true and the department is "funded".
So, the contrapositive using De Morgan's would be:
Funded -> /fewer than 50 or /duplicate 25+.
Therefore the answer is "not fewer than 50" which means 50 or more. Hence, choice A.
@MnM THANK YOU
overexplanation
I found this video explanation to be concise. Though it is long , I still paused and wrote down all the breakdowns from sentence 1 to 3. It is a lot of note taking but, if the questions are this detailed, I would rather do that now than NOT during the test.
I feel like the video explanations for questions in the lessons are way to long and include so much unnecessary info. It makes it hard to pay attention and distinguish between useful and fluff information.
@sydneybouwman my exact thoughts. I've learned to turn the video off after a certain point
@sydneybouwman YEah, all of the notes had me lost one after the other. Was way to long and too much info to take in, surely there has to be a more precise, clear way of getting down to the right answer.
This writing is so messy, I can barely read it.
proposal not funded if <50 people for hire and >25% duplication
Area Studies proposal will be funded
>25% duplication? yes
<50 people for hire? no --> why? because if there were <50 people for hire, the proposal would not have been funded
A) must be true. if there were fewer than 50 people for hire, the proposal would not have been funded
B) doesn't matter if the proposed department duplicates material in more than one existing department. we already know it duplicates more than 25% of the material in anthropology and that is enough to know that one of the conditions for not receiving funding has been met.
C) it could still be funded with less than 25% duplication. we know only that funding will be witheld if there is more than 25% duplication and less than 50 people for hire. So less than 25% duplication could lead to funding (regardless of hiring avaialbility)
D) We don't know the amount of material in each department so we cannot determine whether or not this is true. Let's say that 'material' = books. anthropology department = 100 books and area studies department = 500 books. 50 of the books overlap (are in both departments). This means that area studies duplicates 50% of the material covered in anthropology, but anthropology duplicates only 10% of the material covered in area studies.
E) cannot be true. if there were fewer than 50 people for hire, the proposal would not have been funded