A
The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.
B
The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.
C
Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.
D
Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.
E
Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.
There are two kinds of horror stories: those that describe a mad scientist’s experiments and those that describe a monstrous beast. In some horror stories about monstrous beasts, the monster symbolizes a psychological disturbance in the protagonist. Horror stories about mad scientists, on the other hand, typically express the author’s feeling that scientific knowledge alone is not enough to guide human endeavor. However, despite these differences, both kinds of horror stories share two features: they describe violations of the laws of nature and they are intended to produce dread in the reader.
Summary
There are two types of horror stories: stories about mad scientists and stories about monstrous beasts.
In some stories about monstrous beasts, the beast symbolizes the psychological disturbance of the protagonist.
In some stories about mad scientists, the author expresses the feeling that science isn’t enough to guide humanity.
Both kinds of stories describe violations of the laws of nature and are intended to produce dread in the reader.
Notable Valid Inferences
Some stories that describe violations in the laws of nature are also intended to produce dread in the reader.
Some stories that express the author’s feeling about science describe violations in the laws of nature.
Some stories that symbolize the protagonist’s psychological disturbances describe violations of the laws of nature.
A
All descriptions of monstrous beasts describe violations of the laws of nature.
This could be false. We know that all horror stories that are about monstrous beasts describe violations of the laws of nature; maybe stories with monstrous beasts of other genres don’t describe violations of nature.
B
Any story that describes a violation of a law of nature is intended to invoke dread in the reader.
This could be false. We only know about horror stories that describe a violation of nature, not all stories that do so.
C
Horror stories of any kind usually describe characters who are psychologically disturbed.
This could be false. We don’t know that horror stories “of any kind” usually describe characters’ psychological disturbance; we just know that horror stories about monstrous beasts sometimes describe psychological disturbance.
D
Most stories about mad scientists express the author’s antiscientific views.
This could be false. We don’t have any indication that authors have antiscientific views; some authors may just believe that science alone isn’t enough to guide human endeavor.
E
Some stories that employ symbolism describe violations of the laws of nature.
This must be true. Whether a horror story is about a scientist or a beast, it describes a violation in the laws of nature. Some horror stories about beasts use symbolism, so there is overlap between stories that use symbolism and those about violations of natural laws.
Mendota: I disagree. The average income for the lowest quintile may have increased by a greater percentage, but the absolute amount of the increase in average income was surely greater for the highest quintile.