Philosopher: Graham argues that since a person is truly happy only when doing something, the best life is a life that is full of activity. But we should not be persuaded by Graham’s argument. People sleep, and at least sometimes when sleeping, they are truly happy, even though they are not doing anything.

Summarize Argument: Counter-Position

The philosopher concludes that we should be skeptical of Graham’s argument. Graham starts with the premise that you need to be doing something in order to be truly happy, and uses that premise to conclude that the best life must be full of activity. But the philosopher disagrees with Graham’s premise—she notes that while sleeping, people can be truly happy even through they’re doing nothing.

Identify Argument Part

The claim in the question stem is a premise of the philosopher’s argument. It provides a counterexample to Graham’s only premise by illustrating that “doing something” isn’t actually a requirement for a person to be truly happy. By undermining Graham’s premise, the claim in the question stem in turn casts doubt on Graham’s overall argument.

A
It is a premise of Graham’s argument.

It is a premise of the philosopher’s argument, not Graham’s. It directly contradict’s Graham’s premise.

B
It is an example intended to show that a premise of Graham’s argument is false.

Sleeping is an example of an activity that runs completely counter to Graham’s premise. If, while sleeping, people can be truly happy while doing nothing at all, then Graham’s premise (that people must do something in order to be truly happy) must be false.

C
It is an analogy appealed to by Graham but that the philosopher rejects.

It is the philosopher’s own premise—the philosopher does not reject it. It is also not an analogy; it is a direct example of an activity that runs counter to Graham’s premise.

D
It is an example intended to disprove the conclusion of Graham’s argument.

The philosopher doesn’t go so far as to say that the best life is not a life that is full of activity. In fact, she doesn’t take any position on what the best life entails. She merely calls Graham’s conclusion into question by rejecting his premise.

E
It is the main conclusion of the philosopher’s argument.

It is a premise for the philosopher’s main conclusion. The fact that people can be truly happy while not doing anything undermines Graham’s only premise, which in turns supports the philosopher’s conclusion that we should be skeptical of Graham’s argument.


27 comments

This is a Sufficient Assumption question so our job is to add a premise to make the existing argument valid.

It's a very difficult question because you had to realize that they fed you the definition of "prudent" in the premises. The definition is "forming opinions of others only after cautiously gathering and weighing the evidence."

If you can't get over that hurdle, you're likely getting this question wrong.

Assuming you made that connection, then replace that long definition in the premises with the word "prudent" and you should see that this is like any other SA question.

Premise in English: being prudent will make people resent you.
Premise in Lawgic: P --> R

Conclusion in English: appearing prudent is imprudent
Conclusion in Lawgic: P --> Imp

What's the missing SA?

SA in Lawgic: R --> Imp
SA in English: making people resent you is imprudent.

That's (E)


31 comments

This is a Sufficient Assumption question so our job is to add a premise to make the existing argument valid.

It's a very difficult question because you had to realize that they fed you the definition of "prudent" in the premises. The definition is "forming opinions of others only after cautiously gathering and weighing the evidence."

If you can't get over that hurdle, you're likely getting this question wrong.

Assuming you made that connection, then replace that long definition in the premises with the word "prudent" and you should see that this is like any other SA question.

Premise in English: being prudent will make people resent you.
Premise in Lawgic: P --> R

Conclusion in English: appearing prudent is imprudent
Conclusion in Lawgic: P --> Imp

What's the missing SA?

SA in Lawgic: R --> Imp
SA in English: making people resent you is imprudent.

That's (E)


31 comments

Advertiser: There’s nothing wrong with a tool that has ten functions until you need a tool that can perform an eleventh function! The VersaTool can perform more functions than any other tool. If you use the VersaTool, therefore, you will need additional tools less often than you would using any other multiple-function tool.

Summarize Argument
The advertiser concludes that a user of the VersaTool will need extra tools less often than a user of another multiple-function tool. Why? Because the VersaTool has more functions than any other tool!

Identify and Describe Flaw
The advertiser’s conclusion is exclusively based on how many functions the VersaTool has, not what those functions actually are. This leaves open the possibility that the VersaTool might not have a higher number of commonly needed functions compared to other tools. So, VersaTool users might not need to use other tools less often, if the VersaTool has many rare functions but few common functions.

A
include some functions that are infrequently or never needed
This isn’t relevant to how the VersaTool’s utility compares with other tools. Whether or not the VersaTool has “some” rare functions is still irrelevant to how frequently VersaTool users will need other tools.
B
include a number of functions that are difficult to perform with any tool
Whether the functions are easy or difficult to perform doesn’t have any impact on whether a VersaTool user will need to use additional tools less often than a user of another tool.
C
cost more than the combined cost of two other multiple-function tools that together perform more functions than the VersaTool
The advertiser only makes a claim about the functionality of the VersaTool compared to other tools, not its cost-effectiveness, so this criticism doesn’t affect the argument.
D
be able to perform fewer often-needed functions than some other multiple-function tool
If the VersaTool is able to perform fewer often-needed functions compared to another multi-tool, then the user of the VersaTool will likely need additional tools more often than the user of that other tool, countering the advertiser’s conclusion.
E
not be able to perform individual functions as well as single-function tools
The advertiser isn’t arguing about how well the VersaTool performs its functions compared to other tools. The argument only compares the need for additional tools between users of the VersaTool and users of other multiple-function tools.

13 comments