@VeronicaHernandez639 For example Question 2: Unless a railroad serves its customers well, it will not be a successful business.

1. Isolate what comes after unless which is “a railroad serves its customers well”.

2. Treat this as the necessary condition idea, so we would know that the condition would look something like this: x -> a railroad serves its customers well

3. Negate the remaining element, that remaining element is the second half that does not follow unless. This would also be the idea that comes before unless.

   (your negation symbol, I like to use ~ instead of /) before the idea: ~ it will not be a successful business

4. Treat this as the sufficient condition and put it together:

   ~ it will not be a successful business -> a railroad serves its customers well

Side note: ~ it will not be a successful business can also be understood as “it will be a successful business if that makes more sense for you. So it would become:

It will be a successful business -> a railroad serves its customers well

I got it right! I am so happy as causal logic is where my largest weaknesses lie.

This is what I most struggle with in my adaptive drills so I am excited to see how much I can improve!

My first 5/5!! I am so happy

Great practice for the diagramming! Not focused on timing, but just putting the skills into practice :)

@sv204 I see. I guess my confusion stemmed from my understanding of “few” which is different from “fewer than half” in that “few” imposes the idea that there is at least one but “fewer than half” does not share the same sentiment. Thank you for your help!

So essentially it is “not all are friendly” versus “all are not friendly”. This makes a lot of sense.

@tcbc59 I believe you can have inference of most -> some, but that’s a separate inference. In the case of finding the meaning of the sentence, you must use the main quantifier to capture it which means implying “most”.

@sv204 I feel like using the word “few”implies something, rather than nothing. As in the lesson prior, few was translated to being “some but not many”.

I know we learned all -> most -> some, but can I do many -> some as it is implied?

4/5 but I was between the correct answer and another one. Also I got two 5-star difficulty questions correct!

@AshleyTorres I’m struggling to understand that as well

I think I prefer to use “+” as my symbol of choice when demonstrating the conjunction as it is quicker to write and understandable for me.

ex. A + J -> CF

Can’t I just put an implicit “all” here as well?

Instead of “The students”, can’t I do “All the students”? Then that would keep the conditional indicator but also retain the subject -> predicate formula. Thus, you would get to the same conclusion just adding “all”.

Also doing “An engaging plot” to “all engaging plots”? Or am I just reaching now?

4/5!

I’m majorly improving! The correct answer choice for the one I got wrong was just written confusingly so I couldn’t understand it. It was also a five star difficulty question. But some good news is I got a different five star difficulty question correct!

4/5!

Here is what I have learned:

I struggled a lot on Q3 as I had thought “without” was being used as a negate, sufficient indicator which confused my diagramming. At some point I thought maybe there were 3 different ideas coming out of that one sentence, if that makes sense. However, now knowing that “without” was in fact a part of the idea, the two different ideas were made very clear.

Additionally, as “but” is used as a context indicator I was able to separate out “Thor’s hammer is incredibly heavy” as merely context, though I missed seeing the second half as it’s own conditional.

It was also interesting seeing the double negatives with “unless” and “never” in one sentence in “Presidential Barbie would never accept a leadership role unless she feels truly confident in her abilities,” as since both the sufficient and necessary conditions had to be negated, they just cancelled out one another. The same with “no” and “without” in “No one can be worthy of power without being pure of heart.”

Lastly, I kept missing the implicit “all”, but once explained through the video, it is much clearer what is the sufficient condition if there is no indicator present (e.g. Barbies becoming “All” Barbies).

5/5!

Breaking these down while writing them out is super helpful! Almost got tricked by Q5 by the use of the word “some”. Then I realized that is a quantifier rather than a conditional as conditionals are universal, whilst quantifiers are not.

5/5!

My own rule:

necessary follows the indicator

sufficient is before the indicator or after necessary

5/5!

Found this formula through Reddit called the Unless Formula, though it can be used for all of its equivalents (without, until, etc).

1. Isolate what follows the indicator word unless.

2. Treat it as the necessary condition.

3. Negate the remaining element.

4. Use it as the sufficient condition.

If anyone is interested, I personally prefer to use a tilde (~) as my negation symbol. For example, instead of not P, or /P, I would use ~P. It is personally easier to write with and I learned it in my formal logic classes.

4/5 — I’m improving!

3/5 but I see my mistakes. I put my own assumptions into the passages.

3/3!