I feel like question # 4contradicts what we were talking about in previous lessons. How can it be that /MP --> MC. I feel like it that were the case then the statement would be "Mesopotamian city's were the ONLY ones to not have a market place..." Because other cities could also not have market places, just like we talked about with confusing negation with opposition(opposite of hot isn't just cold). Can someone help me better understand this?
What consistutes the difference between the word "no," for example, being grounds for a negation or a conditional indicator in group four. How do I decifer that
I study by memorizing the steps here is my work if it helps others with the same study style as mine:
Question 1: “Lazy cats never develop heart disease”
Step 1: Find Indicator: “never”
Step 2: Identify Ideas: lazy cats vs. never developed heart disease.
Step 3: Apply symbols to these ideas: (LC) → (/HD)
Step 4: Apply the Translation Rule: (LC) → (/HD)
NEGATE (HD) → (/LC)
Question 2: “No holiday falls within the month of August”
Step 1: Find Indicator: “NO” from group 4 indicator words.
Step 2: Identify the Ideas: Holiday vs. Within the month of August.
Step 3: Apply Symbols to the ideas: (H) Holiday vs. (Within August).
Step 4: Apply the translation rule: (H) → (/within August)
NEGATE: (within August) → (/H)
Question 3: “No birds are trees.”
Step 1: Identify the indicator word and what group it’s in: “no” from group 4.
Step 2: Identify the ideas: Birds vs. Trees
Step 3: Apply symbols to these ideas: (B) vs. (T)
Step 4: Apply the translation rule: (Bird) → (/Tree)
NEGATE: (Tree) → (/Bird)
Question 4: “Mesopotamian cities never had marketplaces.”
Step 1: “Never” Group 4
Step 2: Mesopotamia cities vs. Marketplace
Step 3: (MC) vs. (MP)
Step 4: (MC) → (/MP)
NEGATE: (MP) → (/MC)
Question 5: “None of the recent technological advances in producing electric power at photovoltaic plants can be applied to producing power at traditional plants”
1. “None” Group 4
2. Recent Technological advancements at Photovoltaic vs. Cannot be applied to traditional plants.
This was honestly my biggest issue (negating words and knowing suf or nec based on them) on my first LSAT. I can't wait to go to longer logical chains, and see the strategies there.
I'm having trouble with the grammar in #5. I understand the subject and predicate. But it was difficult to hone in on 'Advances.' is there an easier way to break this sentence down?
(Maybe already stated, but I don't have time to read all these comments): "never" is not included as one of the common [negate, necessity] indicators but multiple examples use "never" in this exercise. Might be worth adding "never to the list.
#help T148 Section 3 problem 24 "manuscripts that are not frequently consulted by researchers will not be restored." I am very confused by whether to use condition one, i.e. sufficient or Condition four, negate necessary in this case, because the key word NOT as they generate different equation. The answer is using condition one obviously, utilizing conrapositive, to arrive at R->FC. But if I use Condition four, negate necessary, it becomes, FC->//R, thus /R->/FC, and you can never get R->FC from here. Can someone shine a light on this? I often found it is the negative and double negative that mess up my understanding and translating. Thank you!
For these group 4 indicators, I find it easier to go with the flow of the sentence (left to right) to be my sufficient and necessary (left to right) - so I always pick the second idea to negate and be the necessary condition first and "leave" the first idea on the left as the sufficient
For example: No holiday falls within the month of august.
I pick "within the month of august" to be the idea to negate.
I leave "holiday" alone in a sense - keeping it as my sufficient.
So -
Holiday --> /within the month of August.
It is easier for me to start here then flip things around and mess up the flow of the original sentence. I don't know if this is right of helpful but just how my brain works!
This made sense to me! I even noticed while I was doing the contrapositive for one of them how it didn't make ANY sense and corrected myself before looking! LOVE that it's actually clicking!
I've been getting necessary and sufficient confused at times. But I've noticed that a lot of the times I understand what the sentences logic is saying but Im unable to completely get the step by step process to do such. I often just think about how it is shown once everything is negated
i feel the opposite of all these comments, i keep getting the two concepts reversed and when I think I have it right, it of course is the reverse of that
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209 comments
I feel like question # 4contradicts what we were talking about in previous lessons. How can it be that /MP --> MC. I feel like it that were the case then the statement would be "Mesopotamian city's were the ONLY ones to not have a market place..." Because other cities could also not have market places, just like we talked about with confusing negation with opposition(opposite of hot isn't just cold). Can someone help me better understand this?
What consistutes the difference between the word "no," for example, being grounds for a negation or a conditional indicator in group four. How do I decifer that
Question 2:
Please explain why this is incorrect.
No holiday falls within the month of August.
/ holiday -> fall in aug
/ fall in aug -> holiday
why couldn't 3 be bird → /tree
tree → /bird ?
I study by memorizing the steps here is my work if it helps others with the same study style as mine:
Question 1: “Lazy cats never develop heart disease”
Step 1: Find Indicator: “never”
Step 2: Identify Ideas: lazy cats vs. never developed heart disease.
Step 3: Apply symbols to these ideas: (LC) → (/HD)
Step 4: Apply the Translation Rule: (LC) → (/HD)
NEGATE (HD) → (/LC)
Question 2: “No holiday falls within the month of August”
Step 1: Find Indicator: “NO” from group 4 indicator words.
Step 2: Identify the Ideas: Holiday vs. Within the month of August.
Step 3: Apply Symbols to the ideas: (H) Holiday vs. (Within August).
Step 4: Apply the translation rule: (H) → (/within August)
NEGATE: (within August) → (/H)
Question 3: “No birds are trees.”
Step 1: Identify the indicator word and what group it’s in: “no” from group 4.
Step 2: Identify the ideas: Birds vs. Trees
Step 3: Apply symbols to these ideas: (B) vs. (T)
Step 4: Apply the translation rule: (Bird) → (/Tree)
NEGATE: (Tree) → (/Bird)
Question 4: “Mesopotamian cities never had marketplaces.”
Step 1: “Never” Group 4
Step 2: Mesopotamia cities vs. Marketplace
Step 3: (MC) vs. (MP)
Step 4: (MC) → (/MP)
NEGATE: (MP) → (/MC)
Question 5: “None of the recent technological advances in producing electric power at photovoltaic plants can be applied to producing power at traditional plants”
1. “None” Group 4
2. Recent Technological advancements at Photovoltaic vs. Cannot be applied to traditional plants.
3. (RTAP) VS. (/ATP)
4. (RTAP) → (/ATP)
NEGATE: (ATP) → (/RTAP)
GOOD LUCK !!!!
This one feels so much more intuitive than the group 3 indicators.
This was honestly my biggest issue (negating words and knowing suf or nec based on them) on my first LSAT. I can't wait to go to longer logical chains, and see the strategies there.
These feel more intuitive than the previous group
So is Never officially part of group 4??
5/5!
if question 2, i said
/holiday - august
/august - holiday
is that correct?
I'm having trouble with the grammar in #5. I understand the subject and predicate. But it was difficult to hone in on 'Advances.' is there an easier way to break this sentence down?
Sufficient conditions:
if, when, where, all, every, any
Necessary conditions:
only, only if, only when, only where, always, must
Negate, sufficient:
or, unless, until, without
Negate, necessary:
no, none, not both, and cannot
(Maybe already stated, but I don't have time to read all these comments): "never" is not included as one of the common [negate, necessity] indicators but multiple examples use "never" in this exercise. Might be worth adding "never to the list.
#help I got 0/5 because all of my answers were backwards.
For example, on question 3, the answer was:
But I put:
Why is this happening?
#help T148 Section 3 problem 24 "manuscripts that are not frequently consulted by researchers will not be restored." I am very confused by whether to use condition one, i.e. sufficient or Condition four, negate necessary in this case, because the key word NOT as they generate different equation. The answer is using condition one obviously, utilizing conrapositive, to arrive at R->FC. But if I use Condition four, negate necessary, it becomes, FC->//R, thus /R->/FC, and you can never get R->FC from here. Can someone shine a light on this? I often found it is the negative and double negative that mess up my understanding and translating. Thank you!
For these group 4 indicators, I find it easier to go with the flow of the sentence (left to right) to be my sufficient and necessary (left to right) - so I always pick the second idea to negate and be the necessary condition first and "leave" the first idea on the left as the sufficient
For example: No holiday falls within the month of august.
I pick "within the month of august" to be the idea to negate.
I leave "holiday" alone in a sense - keeping it as my sufficient.
So -
Holiday --> /within the month of August.
It is easier for me to start here then flip things around and mess up the flow of the original sentence. I don't know if this is right of helpful but just how my brain works!
This made sense to me! I even noticed while I was doing the contrapositive for one of them how it didn't make ANY sense and corrected myself before looking! LOVE that it's actually clicking!
5/5 LFG
I've been getting necessary and sufficient confused at times. But I've noticed that a lot of the times I understand what the sentences logic is saying but Im unable to completely get the step by step process to do such. I often just think about how it is shown once everything is negated
i feel the opposite of all these comments, i keep getting the two concepts reversed and when I think I have it right, it of course is the reverse of that
5/5! This one made the others make sense
This lesson made all the other indicator lessons make sense. Soooo glad I finally got it.
What's with "Never" being an indicator when that wasn't stated?
I understand it now