For me, kicking up the "if" part of conditional conclusions into the premises was a huge help in figuring this one out.

For those of you who might still be having trouble seeing how ridiculous the analogy in this stimulus is, this is basically what it's saying:

"Modern rockets have combustion engines that make them capable of space travel. The earliest cars also had combustion engines. We can conclude from this that the earliest cars were also capable of space travel."

Like... bro.

It's okay, man. No shame in making mistakes if you learn from them.

Well, strictly speaking, a guarantee is a promise. By definition, a guarantee is a promise that certain conditions will be met.

But yeah, that word can definitely have other meanings depending on the context, and I'm not fond of how this one was worded either. It's extremely irritating to run into a situation where you think a word means one thing, when it actually means something else entirely.

Just goes to show how important it is to consider context (both in the stim and the ACs) when pondering the exact meaning of certain words/phrases.

We're saying that if Wally's Plants is a large nursery, then it's probably the case that they guaranteed that the raspberry plants they shipped were disease-free (since we know that the majority of large nurseries always do that,) and this guarantee turned out to be false (since the raspberry plants actually carried a virus.)

This doesn't contradict anything in the stim. The stim only says that most large nurseries always promise that the plants they sell are disease-free. That doesn't necessarily mean that this promise will be true in every single case.

Yeah, it's hilarious that JY tried to use this question to show us the "unity" of Logical Reasoning when it literally forces us to break at least one of our cardinal rules for approaching LR. To pick C, we'd have to either: A) make an assumption that's totally unsupported by the text, or B) bring in our own outside knowledge of that particular time period.

"What, you didn't know how rare books were in the 1600s? What are you, stupid or something?"

"Most large nurseries sell only plants that are guaranteed to be disease-free."

I just want to make sure I'm completely clear on what this clause means - it's just saying that prior to the sale, this subset of large nurseries always tells the buyer, "hey, these plants are totally disease-free, we promise," right?

A quote for those of you who are tilted:

"Patience is the foundation of eternal peace. Make anger your enemy. Harm comes to those who know only victory and do not know defeat. Find fault with yourself and not with others. It is in falling short of your own goals that you will surpass those who exceed theirs."

- Tokugawa Ieyasu

Just thought I'd add that all of this also holds true when we're dealing with two "all" statements.

For example:

All pizzas have tomato sauce.

A → B

All pizzas have cheese.

A → C

Therefore, some things that have tomato sauce also have cheese.

B←s→C

Why are stained glass windows in medieval cathedrals so thick at the bottom? Because of all the squats they've done over the years, duh.

Group 1: One big boom, because big craters.

Group 2: Many small booms, later booms covered up earlier booms.

Group 3: One mid-size boom, because boom was too short and localized to be super-big.

Yep, you got it! So, there are two different ways you can translate this into logic:

1. Negate sufficient

"There can be no rule of law without individual freedom"

IF --> ROL

ROL --> IF

2. Negate necessary

"There can be no rule of law without individual freedom"

IF --> ROL

ROL --> IF

In either case, these translate back to:

"If there is no individual freedom, then there is no rule of law."

"If there is rule of law, then there is individual freedom."

Well, we know that Port Tropica can only fit ships that are shorter than 100 meters and that the S. S. Coral is a cargo ship that's docked at Port Tropica. This means that the S. S. Coral can't be from the Blue Star Line (otherwise it'd be too long to fit,) so it must be from the Gold Star Line. We also know that all of the Gold Star Line's cargo ships were built after 1980. Therefore the S. S. Coral must have been built after 1980.

I should clarify; by the writers' "perspectives," I meant their thesis statements. I was agreeing with the overall conclusions that they arrive at. Emphasizing job preparation above all else - when, as you've said, people who go to college today do so for a multitude of different reasons - is just insane.

Just wanted to say that I agree with both writers' perspectives here. Colleges and universities should not just be job training centers. There's more to life than work, ffs.

Yeah, if they're only asking you about what one speaker does, then the other one doesn't matter at all.

Lydia: "Red squirrels are known to do this particular thing. There are two possible explanations for this. The first explanation doesn't make any sense, so the second explanation is probably the correct one."

Lydia is definitely ruling out a possible explanation for something here, so the correct answer is E.

^ Me when I'm not mad in the slightest

From now on, before I even attempt to answer a Main Point question, I'm just gonna go ahead and take a quick look at each important part of the passage

Every. Single. Time.

We know that there are over 4,000 cockroach species in North America. We also know that tests of one product - Roach Ender - have proven that vexone has been used effectively against all of them. This means that Roach Ender must have been tested on more than 4,000 cockroach species in North America.

If you're unsure why this would be the case, imagine this scenario:

There are only 3 cockroach species in North America instead of 4,000+. Now imagine that I have 3 individual cockroaches, all of different species, trapped in separate jars. I then take a canister of Roach Ender and use it on two of the cockroaches, killing them instantly, while I leave the other one alone. I then turn to you and say: "Aha! See? This proves that vexone has been used effectively on the other cockroach, too!"

Now, ask yourself this: Did what I just said make any sense to you?

Intro: Indigenous peoples are using cameras now.

Weiner: Natives using cameras is bad because it Westernizes their cultures. Anthropologists who say otherwise are naive.

Ginsburg: While using cameras will affect indigenous cultures, it will not Westernize them. It could actually help strengthen them in some ways.

Author: Sides with Ginsburg because of Turner's study of the Kayapo people's use of cameras.

That would be an accurate diagram of the stim, yes. However, A → W was a diagram of B, not the stim.

Just realized that my conclusion here would be valid regardless of the pizza sizes; since half of Marty's pizza + however much pizza Luis ate would always "outnumber" the remaining uneaten half of Marty's pizza.

I'll bet that's why the stim says "some bladed etching tools are used for engraving" and not "half of all bladed etching tools are used for engraving." Because if it did, the conclusion in the stim would just be valid. You wouldn't even need to add anything!

Marty and Luis each had a pizza for lunch. Marty ate half of his pizza. Luis ate all of his pizza. Thus, more pizza was eaten by Marty and Luis than was left uneaten.

If Marty and Luis' pizzas were the same size, then this would make complete sense, right?

...And that's why B is the right answer.