LSAT 104 – Section 1 – Question 19

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December 1998

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Target time: 1:13

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Question QuickView	Type	Tags	Answer Choices	Curve This gives you an idea of how this question is “curved”— in other words, what level of scorer is likely to get this question right. It shows a model of scaled LSAT score vs probability of getting the question correct. It is based on student test results for each question. The gray bar extends from the score for a 25% chance, to the score for a 75% chance of getting the question correct. The black line in the middle is the score for a 50% chance of getting the question correct. The percentage at the right is the expected chance of someone with the same score as you on that PrepTest getting that question correct	Question Difficulty	Psg/Game/S Difficulty	Explanation

Question QuickView	Type	Tags	Answer Choices	Curve This gives you an idea of how this question is “curved”— in other words, what level of scorer is likely to get this question right. It shows a model of scaled LSAT score vs probability of getting the question correct. It is based on student test results for each question. The gray bar extends from the score for a 25% chance, to the score for a 75% chance of getting the question correct. The black line in the middle is the score for a 50% chance of getting the question correct. The percentage at the right is the expected chance of someone with the same score as you on that PrepTest getting that question correct	Question Difficulty	Psg/Game/S Difficulty	Explanation
PT104 S1 Q19	+LR	Must be true +MBT Causal Reasoning +CausR	A 6% 163 B 0% 169 C 29% 166 D 2% 162 E 62% 170	146 161 176	+Hardest	149.106 +SubsectionMedium

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J.Y.’s explanation

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Pollen and other allergens can cause cells in the nose to release histamine, a chemical that inflames nasal tissue and causes runny nose, congestion, and sneezing. Antihistamines minimize these allergy symptoms by blocking the action of histamine. In addition, antihistamines have other effects, including drowsiness. However, histamine plays no role in the processes by which colds produce their symptoms.

Summary

Pollen/allergens can cause cells in nose to release histamine.
Histamine causes certain allergy symptoms.
Antihistamines can reduce these allergy symptoms by blocking the action of histamine.
Antihistamines also have other effects. One of those effects is drowsiness.
Histamine doesn’t play any role in how colds produce symptoms.

Notable Valid Inferences

We’re looking for what must be true. This set of facts doesn’t produce any obvious inferences, so I’d mainly rely on process of elimination.

Pollen and other allergens do not cause colds.

Could be false. We know that histamine doesn’t play role in how colds produce symptoms. But what causes colds? We don’t know that pollens and allergens don’t cause colds.

Colds are more difficult to treat than allergies.

Could be false. We don’t know what’s more difficult to treat. Although antihistamines can reduce allergy symptoms, that doesn’t mean allergies are easier to treat than colds. Maybe antihistamines can also reduce cold symptoms, or there are other things that can treat colds.

Antihistamines, when taken alone, are ineffective against congestion caused by colds.

Could be false. We were told antihistamines have “other effects.” Those effects might include reducing cold symptoms; we don’t know. Although histamines aren’t part of cold symptoms, antihistamines might still reduce those symptoms through some means besides blocking histamines.

The sleeplessness that sometimes accompanies allergies can be effectively treated with antihistamines.

Could be false. We don’t know whether antihistamines can “effectively treat” sleeplessness. Although antihistamines can cause drowsiness, that doesn’t guarantee that they can treat sleeplessness.

Any effect antihistamines may have in reducing cold symptoms does not result from blocking the action of histamine.

Must be true. Histamines play no role in how colds produce symptoms. So, if antihistamines can reduce cold symptoms, it won’t be through blocking histamines. It would be through some other mechanism that’s related to producing cold symptoms.

Note: J.Y. says "sleepiness" instead of "sleeplessness" for answer choice (D). While his 'verbal typo' is wrong, the explanation given is still right.

LSAT 104 – Section 1 – Question 19

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J.Y.’s explanation

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Review Results

LSAT PrepTest 104 Explanations

Section 1 - Logical Reasoning

Section 2 - Reading Comprehension

Section 3 - Reading Comprehension

Section 4 - Logical Reasoning

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