#help I thought Flaw questions were ones in which we had to identify the flaw in reasoning. In Q14, we're identifying what Lana thinks is the flaw... could this be a different question type?
anyone else seeing the wrong comments on this lesson? the comments I'm seeing are clearly from a problem set, but the lesson they are coming up on for me is a quiz about questions stems. #help
Hello, I was wondering why number 4 & 21 is Necessary Assumption and not sufficient assumption. Would you mind explaining? I was under the impression that sufficient assumption had to do with support in the conclusion whereas necessary assumption had to do with supporting the argument as a whole. Thank you for your help! :)
I've been keeping a separate document with examples for all of the question types and have them organized based on if it is upward or downward reasoning. Hopefully this helps someone else!
Question Types Categorized by Upward and Downward Reasoning
DOWN - Critical of the AC
Main Point
Method of Reasoning
Argument Part
Flawed Method of Reasoning
Parallel method of reasoning
Parallel flawed method of reasoning
Point at issue
Must be true*
Most strongly supported
Must be false
UP - Not critical of the AC, accept AC as true
Strengthen
Weaken
Necessary Assumption
Sufficient Assumption
Pseudo- Sufficient Assumption
Principle
Resolve, reconcile, explain
DOWN QUESTIONS STEMS:
MAIN POINT QUESTION STEMS
- Which of the following most accurately and completely expresses the main conclusion of the city council members argument?
MUST BE TRUE QUESTION STEMS
- If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?
- Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
- Which one of the following statements follows logically from the statements above?
- Which of the following can be properly concluded from the passage?
MUST BE FALSE QUESTION STEMS
- If the critics statements are true, then on the basis of them which one of the following cannot be true
- If the statements above are true, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT
ARGUMENT PART QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the farmer's argument by the proposition that farmers have to use greater and greater amounts of costly insecticides to control insect pests?
- The statement that the car Peter took got damaged and the car alicia took did not play which of the following roles in the argument?
- The proposition that the public is now more interested in reading and hearing about crime plays which one of the following roles in the argument?
- Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?
- Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the passage by the point that capitalism and industrialization are distinct?
- The assertion that it is not illegal to use one person as a vehicle for another's ambitions is used in the ethicist's argument in which one of the following ways?
METHOD OF REASONING QUESTION STEMS
- Which of the following most accurately describes the argumentative technique used in the argument?
- In the exchange above, the function of Craig's comment is to
- Frank's argument is an attempt to counter Lance's conclusion by
- The executive's reasoning does which one of the following?
PARALLEL METHOD OF REASONING QUESTION STEMS
- Which of the following arguments exhibits flawed reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
- Which one of the following arguments has a flawed pattern of reasoning most like the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
FLAW/DESCRIPTIVE WEAKENING QUESTION STEMS
- The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
- The biologist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
- The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument
MOST STRONGLY SUPPORTED QUESTION STEMS
Try placing ‘according to the text’ before the answer choices to filter out what fits and what doesn’t
- The consultant’s statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
- Which one of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
- Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?
- Which one of the following is most reasonably supported by the information above?
- Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true?
POINT AT ISSUE QUESTION STEMS
Agree:
- Their dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Denise and Reshmi agree that
Disagree:
- The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Glen and Sara disagree about whether
- The dialogue most strongly supports the claim that Tania and Monique disagree about whether
UP QUESTIONS STEMS:
WEAKEN SAMPLE QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following, if true, is the logically strongest counter that Albert can make to Erin’s argument?
- Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?
- Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?
- Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion drawn in the argument above?
- Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument in the newspaper article?
- “Calls into question”
STRENGTHEN QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
- Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the archaeologist’s reasoning?
- Which one of the following, if true, lends the most support to the psychologist’s conclusion?
- Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the economist’s reasoning?
- The conclusion of the psychiatrist's argument is most strongly supported if which one of the following completes the argument?
PSEUDO-SUFFICIENT ASSUMPTION QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument?
SUFFICIENT ASSUMPTION QUESTION STEMS
The stem is asking about which can be assumed
- The critic’s conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
- Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the conclusion of the therapist’s argument to be properly inferred?
- The argument’s conclusion is properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?
- The conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
- Which one of the following, if true, justifies the above application of the principle?
- The conclusion drawn follows logically from the premises if which one of the following is assumed?
NECESSARY ASSUMPTION QUESTION STEMS
The stem is asking about what is assumed
- The argument makes which one of the following assumptions?
- The argument assumes
- Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
- Which one of the following is an assumption that the fundraiser's argument depends on?
- Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
- Which one of the following is an assumption made by the argument?
- Which one of the following is an assumption necessary for the critic’s conclusion to be properly drawn?
- The argument relies on which one of the following assumptions?
- The argument above is based on which of the following
PRINCIPLE QUESTION STEMS
PSA/Strengthen Style:
- Which of the following principles if true would most help to justify the author’s reasoning?
- Which of the following principles, if established, would provide a basis for the advocates argument?
These are just looking for a pseudo sufficient assumption principle to be invoked to bring the argument close to validity.
Application of Principle:
- Which of the following is an application of the principle stated above?
Looking for an example of the stated rule in action
State a principle given a scenario:
- The scenario above most conforms to which of the following principles?
Similar to MSS, we are asked to come up with a general rule that can be ascertained from a phenomenon.
RESOLVE, RECONCILE, EXPLAIN QUESTION STEMS
- Each of the following, if true, contributes to an explanation of the practice mentioned above, except
- Each of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent discrepancy described above, except
- Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the people mentioned continued to grow corn as their staple grain crop?
- Which one of the following, if true, least helps to explain the silver ants choice of scavenging times?
Question 36 is arguably more a Principle question stem than a Parallel Reasoning question stem. Parallel Reasoning questions ask the reader to look for an argument that is analogous in FORM. Principle questions ask the reader to look for an answer whose CONTENT is consistent with the principle expressed in the stimulus.
The question stem in Question 36 is performing the latter, not the former.
#help is there a compiled list of all the different question stem types?
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#help I thought Flaw questions were ones in which we had to identify the flaw in reasoning. In Q14, we're identifying what Lana thinks is the flaw... could this be a different question type?
#feedback number 19 is labeled as necessary assumption but the actual question it comes from is sufficient assumption.
#feedback Question 4 labels it as a necessary assumption but in the next lesson the same question type is labeled as sufficient.
.
Made a knowt set for this if anyone is interested: https://knowt.com/flashcards/ea87f641-8ea3-4648-907e-aec70f9c9287?isNew=true
the quiz was like all flaw or necessary assumption lol
Why is Q7 method of reasoning and not argument part?
Is there a way to print or copy/paste in a way that minimizes use of paper?
Or a way to save our AC/responses to flag which ones we want to review?
"Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increased likelihood that an unemployed retiree will have a heart attack on a Monday?"
Oh my gosh, this is soooo LSAT.
anyone else seeing the wrong comments on this lesson? the comments I'm seeing are clearly from a problem set, but the lesson they are coming up on for me is a quiz about questions stems. #help
Why Q4 is a necessary assumption but not a sufficient assumption?
#help (Added by Admin)
#help
Does anybody know why Q19 is necessary assumption ?
I thought it was sufficient assumption...!
Q19
The argument makes which one of the following assumptions?
why is 19 necessary assumption instead of sufficient assumption
has anyone made a quizlet for this? :) #help
Hello, I was wondering why number 4 & 21 is Necessary Assumption and not sufficient assumption. Would you mind explaining? I was under the impression that sufficient assumption had to do with support in the conclusion whereas necessary assumption had to do with supporting the argument as a whole. Thank you for your help! :)
Does anyone have any data or materials on which question types are most common? #help
I've been keeping a separate document with examples for all of the question types and have them organized based on if it is upward or downward reasoning. Hopefully this helps someone else!
Question Types Categorized by Upward and Downward Reasoning
DOWN - Critical of the AC
Main Point
Method of Reasoning
Argument Part
Flawed Method of Reasoning
Parallel method of reasoning
Parallel flawed method of reasoning
Point at issue
Must be true*
Most strongly supported
Must be false
UP - Not critical of the AC, accept AC as true
Strengthen
Weaken
Necessary Assumption
Sufficient Assumption
Pseudo- Sufficient Assumption
Principle
Resolve, reconcile, explain
DOWN QUESTIONS STEMS:
MAIN POINT QUESTION STEMS
- Which of the following most accurately and completely expresses the main conclusion of the city council members argument?
MUST BE TRUE QUESTION STEMS
- If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?
- Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
- Which one of the following statements follows logically from the statements above?
- Which of the following can be properly concluded from the passage?
MUST BE FALSE QUESTION STEMS
- If the critics statements are true, then on the basis of them which one of the following cannot be true
- If the statements above are true, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT
ARGUMENT PART QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the farmer's argument by the proposition that farmers have to use greater and greater amounts of costly insecticides to control insect pests?
- The statement that the car Peter took got damaged and the car alicia took did not play which of the following roles in the argument?
- The proposition that the public is now more interested in reading and hearing about crime plays which one of the following roles in the argument?
- Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?
- Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the passage by the point that capitalism and industrialization are distinct?
- The assertion that it is not illegal to use one person as a vehicle for another's ambitions is used in the ethicist's argument in which one of the following ways?
METHOD OF REASONING QUESTION STEMS
- Which of the following most accurately describes the argumentative technique used in the argument?
- In the exchange above, the function of Craig's comment is to
- Frank's argument is an attempt to counter Lance's conclusion by
- The executive's reasoning does which one of the following?
PARALLEL METHOD OF REASONING QUESTION STEMS
- Which of the following arguments exhibits flawed reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
- Which one of the following arguments has a flawed pattern of reasoning most like the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
FLAW/DESCRIPTIVE WEAKENING QUESTION STEMS
- The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
- The biologist's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
- The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument
MOST STRONGLY SUPPORTED QUESTION STEMS
Try placing ‘according to the text’ before the answer choices to filter out what fits and what doesn’t
- The consultant’s statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
- Which one of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the information above?
- Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?
- Which one of the following is most reasonably supported by the information above?
- Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above, if they are true?
POINT AT ISSUE QUESTION STEMS
Agree:
- Their dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Denise and Reshmi agree that
Disagree:
- The dialogue provides the most support for the claim that Glen and Sara disagree about whether
- The dialogue most strongly supports the claim that Tania and Monique disagree about whether
UP QUESTIONS STEMS:
WEAKEN SAMPLE QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following, if true, is the logically strongest counter that Albert can make to Erin’s argument?
- Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?
- Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?
- Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion drawn in the argument above?
- Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument in the newspaper article?
- “Calls into question”
STRENGTHEN QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
- Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the archaeologist’s reasoning?
- Which one of the following, if true, lends the most support to the psychologist’s conclusion?
- Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the economist’s reasoning?
- The conclusion of the psychiatrist's argument is most strongly supported if which one of the following completes the argument?
PSEUDO-SUFFICIENT ASSUMPTION QUESTION STEMS
- Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument?
SUFFICIENT ASSUMPTION QUESTION STEMS
The stem is asking about which can be assumed
- The critic’s conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
- Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the conclusion of the therapist’s argument to be properly inferred?
- The argument’s conclusion is properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?
- The conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
- Which one of the following, if true, justifies the above application of the principle?
- The conclusion drawn follows logically from the premises if which one of the following is assumed?
NECESSARY ASSUMPTION QUESTION STEMS
The stem is asking about what is assumed
- The argument makes which one of the following assumptions?
- The argument assumes
- Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
- Which one of the following is an assumption that the fundraiser's argument depends on?
- Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
- Which one of the following is an assumption made by the argument?
- Which one of the following is an assumption necessary for the critic’s conclusion to be properly drawn?
- The argument relies on which one of the following assumptions?
- The argument above is based on which of the following
PRINCIPLE QUESTION STEMS
PSA/Strengthen Style:
- Which of the following principles if true would most help to justify the author’s reasoning?
- Which of the following principles, if established, would provide a basis for the advocates argument?
These are just looking for a pseudo sufficient assumption principle to be invoked to bring the argument close to validity.
Application of Principle:
- Which of the following is an application of the principle stated above?
Looking for an example of the stated rule in action
State a principle given a scenario:
- The scenario above most conforms to which of the following principles?
Similar to MSS, we are asked to come up with a general rule that can be ascertained from a phenomenon.
RESOLVE, RECONCILE, EXPLAIN QUESTION STEMS
- Each of the following, if true, contributes to an explanation of the practice mentioned above, except
- Each of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent discrepancy described above, except
- Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the people mentioned continued to grow corn as their staple grain crop?
- Which one of the following, if true, least helps to explain the silver ants choice of scavenging times?
I'm not sure if I remember how to solve any of these question types... Gives me anxiety in the middle of the night...
"NOW I'M WAKING UP, I'LL FORGET EVERYTHING!"
Which one of the following principles must be assumed in order for the psychologist's conclusion to be properly drawn?
Confusing... this is necessary but i thought the last part (conclusion to be properly dran) was asking for sufficient
A lot of flaw/ Descriptive reasoning question stems.
Question 36 is arguably more a Principle question stem than a Parallel Reasoning question stem. Parallel Reasoning questions ask the reader to look for an argument that is analogous in FORM. Principle questions ask the reader to look for an answer whose CONTENT is consistent with the principle expressed in the stimulus.
The question stem in Question 36 is performing the latter, not the former.
#help
#help is there a compiled list of all the different question stem types?