If you are struggling with this skill builder, as I was, I asked ChatGPT to provide more details, and it honestly helped me. It even gave me extra practice. "Is the author saying that one thing produced, brought about, increased, decreased, prevented, or influenced another thing." Is it only a pattern or explanation.

If the sentence is only describing what is true together, it’s not causal.If it’s describing why something is true, it is causal.

Turning Q1 into a causal statement:

High school basketball teams tend to favor their best players, which increases those players’ popularity.

Turning Q5 into a causal statement:

Noise and distractions at parties reduce people’s mental functioning.

lol he must have removed the hand-written video after everyone said his hand writing is bad loll bc I was so confused to what everyone was talking about.

Where's my bestie that made those very helpful quizlets?

I hope this helps:

(if, then always helped me)

If you are a Jedi, Then you use the Force. Dooku uses the Force. Dooku is a Jedi.

This is INVALID--

Lawgic:

Jedi-> Force

Dooku -> Force

Dooku -> Jedi

Imagine two circles, small circle being Jedi and it's inside the Force.... Dooku can be anything other than a Jedi and still be in the big circle "Uses the force".

This would be a VALID argument:

Only Jedi use the Force. Dooku uses the Force. Therefore, Dooku is a Jedi.

(remember Only is group 2 indicator)

Lawgic:

Force -> Jedi

Dooku -> Force

Dooku -> Jedi

Lets chain this up:

Dooku -> Force -> Jedi

so...

Dooku -> Jedi

Because Dooku uses the Force and thats sufficient to be a Jedi than that makes sense as he's already in the small circle so he must be a Jedi.

@Bbqboi LOL they formatted it wrong because I was also confused when I first looked at it!

But they are saying the right negation is: No unicorns poop rainbows

and the incorrect negation is: Some unicorns don't poop rainbows.

Part 1

Part 2

These videos on youtube by Kevin are helpful!

For the students who mastered Logic sentence, I thought of it this way:

Mastering Logic is the sufficient condition, and seeing improvements in their PrepTest scores is the necessary condition.

If you visualize it as a small circle inside a bigger one, there could be other reasons students see improvements in their PrepTest scores besides mastering Logic. So, something can fall outside the smaller circle of “students who mastered Logic.”

@Dexterity Thank you sm!! :)

Here is how I worked through the problem and got it right!

I turned it into lawgic,

inspired performance -> good show -> sophisticated listener -> musical roots

The Contrapositive is:

/musical roots -> /sophisticated listener -> / good show -> /inspired performance

A is correct because look at the contrapositive above, it follows no sophisticated listeners, meaning there will be no inspired performances. This one follows the Lawgic and Contra to a T.

@Dexterity Hey! Do you think you can give me an example of this?

Thank you.

@Cee🦋 Hi, can you please use this in an example? I'm trying to wrap my head around this. Thank you!

What really helped me transform the sentences into Lawgic was to do the if, then statement.

For example, on question 4:

If abundant rain falls in sub-Saharan Africa, then hurricanes would hit the US mainland with particular frequency.

This helps me fully grasp the order of the sufficient and necessary conditions.

@isabellagirjikian

"if" indicates the sufficient condition so "he were over 40" goes first since it directly follows "if"

over 40 -> /want to learn to ski

Then the last step is to do the contrapositive so all you do is flip it and switch the / (not) to the other side.

Want to learn to ski -> /over 40.

Hi! This is what I did for Q1 & Q4.

Q1:

1. during the winter months now vs. during the winter months in the past 

2. during the winter months, more people frequented public places such as libraries and community centers and, on the average, spent considerably longer periods in them....

3. people spend longer periods in "them" now 

I thought it was referring to the winter months now, and the winter months in the past.

Q4:

1. sophisticated instruments vs. currently available instruments 

2. Detecting planets outside our solar system requires (which is higher)

3. sophisticated instruments 

This comparison makes the most sense to me. Would this work?

@Sunnieqw22 That's exactly what I did and this makes the most sense to me!

In Q3 I had:

"has decreased" & "this decrease" refers to "population of songbirds"

"has decreased" is not in the answer. Is it because has decreased is a modifier and not a referent?

"which" refers to "magpies"

I didn't include, "the same period" refers to "recent years" but I noticed it after reading it again.

@JeninZayed Free Palestine!

@Okknicoleee SAME

I think i'v seen this film before

I had the conclusion and premise right and I used process of elimination to cross out C,D, & E. I was between A & B and picked A, but in my blind review I understood that B is the closest to the conclusion... ugh baby steps...